Temperature rectal

The WBGT value for the hot environment is compared against a WGBT reference value, which is included in an informative annex (Table 6.7). The reference values have been established allowing for a maximum rectal temperature of 38 °C for the persons concerned. This corresponds to levels to which almost all individuals can be ordinarily exposed without any harmful effect, provided there are no preexisting pathological conditions. 

Note The values given have been established for a maximum rectal temperature of 38°C for the person concerned. 

General procedures for mouse behavioural experiments are described in Reference [141], SA = spontaneous activity TF = tail flick RT = rectal temperature. 

A post-mortem examination and a rectal temperature of 41°C (106°F) were recorded. He had needle marks typical of intravenous drug abuse and pulmonary and cerebral edema. Abrasions and contusions of the ankles and wrists were evident from his struggling. Lidocaine was not administered to the victim during the resuscitative attempts. The clinical presentation of cocaine delirium... 

Physical examinations of monkeys are usually conducted no more than once a week and generally consist of the measurement of rectal temperature, observation of general demeanor, palpation of the head, thorax, and abdomen, examination of eyes, ears, and bodily orifices, as well as testing of the pupillary and patellar reflexes. 

The electronic probe thermometer (with a blunt probe) is used to take a rectal temperature, allowing equilibrium for 30 sec before the reading is recorded. 

Figure 2. Body temperature response of mice receiving the extract of cultured Gambierdiscus toxicus or the vehicle alone. Each point represents the mean S.E. of the rectal temperature measurements on 8 mice.

Figure 5. Body temperature responses of mice receiving various amounts of crude Caribbean ciguatoxic fish extract. Each point represents the mean i S.E. rectal temperature of 6 animals.

Death after intravenous administration of DMHP in dogs is preceded by ventricular fibrillation, which may be secondary to hypothermia. However, there are no fatalities if the animals rectal temperature is kept from falling. 

I hour after treatment the rectal temperature is determined and mice are consecutively placed in another cage Stress-induced hyperthermia defined as the della of the median rectal temperature within the six initially removed mice and Ihe median of the six last removed mice within a cage... 

No studies were located regarding metabolic effects in animals following intermediate- or chronic-duration inhalation exposure to HDI. No effect on rectal temperature was observed in 2 female Beagle dogs exposed to <2 ppm of HDI 6 times (2 hours each) over a 10-day period. The length of time between exposures was not reported. Average HDI concentrations were 0.28, 0.32, 0.39, 0.55, 0.89, and 1.07 ppm for each exposure (range, 0.27-1.43 ppm) (Haskell Laboratory 1961). 

Bran J, Chamba G, Khalfallah Y, Girard P, Boissy I, Bastuji H, Sassolas G, Claustrat B. Effect of modafinil on plasma melatonin, corisol and growth hormone rhythms, rectal temperature and performance in healthy subjects during a 36 hour sleep deprivation. J Sleep Res 1998 7 105-114. 

It is also possible to use an implanted temperature sensor to monitor temperature remotely and without using this type of invasive measurement. For example, microchip transponders (ELAMS, BioMedic Data Systems, Inc., Seaford DE, USA) have been shown to reliably monitor temperature without significant difference from rectal temperature measurements (35). 

How the temperature is measured (i.e., brain vs arterial, venous, tympanic, bladder, or rectal temperature) is also critical, as the core temperature is usually 0.3-1.1°C lower than brain temperature (51). However, it is important to consider that these values may be different in patients with acute cerebral ischemia or trauma. 

HenkerR. A., Brown S. D., and Marion D. W. (1998) Comparison of brain temperature with bladder and rectal temperatures in adults with severe head injury. Neurosurgery 42,1071-1075. 

We subsequently used a rat model of 5- or 7-min global ischemia by two-vessel occlusion to study whether delayed hyperthermia instituted after an ischemic insult would exacerbate injury. Twenty-four hours after ischemia, rats of one group were exposed to elevated ambient temperature so as to raise rectal temperature to 39 K)°C for 3 h (58). Following an 8-d survival, histopathological examination in rats with 7-min ischemia revealed that delayed hyperthermia led to an approxi-... 

Many head-injured patients experience fever, and recent data indicate that bladder temperature and rectal temperature often underrepresent brain temperature after TBI, particularly when the patient is hypo-or hyperthermic (21). In that study, brain temperature was usually greater than rectal or bladder temperature in adults with severe brain injury. In another study, the duration of fever was reported to be associated with poor outcome in patients with supratentorial hemorrhage (5). Taken together, these experimental and clinical findings (4,5) indicate that fever should be aggressively treated when core temperature is mildly elevated above normal levels (22,23). 

Christensen H. and Boysen G. (2002) Acceptable agreement between tympanic and rectal temperature in acute stroke patients. Int. J. Clin. Pract. 56, 82-84. 

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