Bone arsenic

Shorebirds (seven species) wintering in the Corpus Christi, Texas, area contained an average of 0.3 mg As/kg FW in livers (maximum of 1.5 mg/kg), despite the presence of smelters and the heavy use of arsenical herbicides and defoliants these values probably reflect normal background concentrations. Similar arsenic levels were reported in livers of brown pelicans (Pelecanus occidentalis) collected from South Carolina. Bone arsenic concentrations in 23 species of birds collected in southwestern Russia during 1993-95 ranged from 0.1 to 1.7 mg As/kg DW arsenic concentrations were similar for terrestrial and aquatic... 

Mineral Feed. Mineral feed supplements for domestic animals and fowl usually contain a pure form of pulverized limestone. In fact, some state laws require the supplement to be at least 35% available calcium. Other sources of calcium are bone meal and dicalcium phosphate. Use as mineral feed has been a steadily growing market for limestone. The material is ground to 90% minus 0.15 mm (100 mesh) or 80% minus 0.9074 mm (200 mesh), is low in silica, and has strict tolerances on arsenic and fluorine (see Feeds and feed additives). 

Carcinogens Cancer-producing agents Skin Respiratory Bladder/urinary tract Liver Nasal Bone marrow Coal tar pitch dust crude anthracene dust mineral oil mist arsenic. Asbestos polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons nickel ore arsenic bis-(chloromethyl) ether mustard gas. p-naphthylamine benzidine 4-am i nodi pheny lam ine. Vinyl chloride monomer. Mustard gas nickel ore. Benzene. 

The most common toxic metals in industrial use are cadmium, chromium, lead, silver, and mercury less commonly used are arsenic, selenium (both metalloids), and barium. Cadmium, a metal commonly used in alloys and myriads of other industrial uses, is fairly mobile in the environment and is responsible for many maladies including renal failure and a degenerative bone disease called "ITA ITA" disease. Chromium, most often found in plating wastes, is also environmentally mobile and is most toxic in the Cr valence state. Lead has been historically used as a component of an antiknock compound in gasoline and, along with chromium (as lead chromate), in paint and pigments. 

Toxic Effects on the Blood-Forming Tissues Reduced formation of erythrocytes and other elements of blood is an indication of damage to the bone marrow. Chemical compounds toxic to the bone marrow may cause pancytopenia, in which the levels of all elements of blood are reduced. Ionizing radiation, benzene, lindane, chlordane, arsenic, chloramphenicol, trinitrotoluene, gold salts, and phenylbutazone all induce pancytopenia. If the damage to the bone marrow is so severe that the production of blood elements is totally inhibited, the disease state is termed aplastic anemia. In the occupational environment, high concentrations of benzene can cause aplastic anemia. 

Liquid MD penetrates skin on contact. Prolonged skin exposure to its arsenic component will lead to systemic damage through bone calcium displacement and subsequent bone marrow destruction. In its traditional form, MD quickly disperses in open terrain but presents a more prolonged hazard in tightly closed buildings, where it concentrates in basements and substructures due to its vapor density.1... 

In addition to erythrocytes, blood contains white blood cells, called leukocytes, of several types, and platelets, also called thrombocytes, which control blood clotting. Hematopoiesis (from the Greek, haimo, for blood, and poiein for to make ) is the process by which the elements of the blood are formed. The marrow of bone contains so-called stem cells which are immature predecessors of these three types of blood cells. Chemicals that are toxic to bone marrow can lead to anemia (decreased levels of erythrocytes), leukopenia (decreased numbers of leukocytes), or thrombocytopenia. Pancytopenia, a severe form of poisoning, refers to the reduction in circulatory levels of all three elements of the blood. One or more of these conditions can result from sufficiently intense exposure to chemicals such as benzene, arsenic, the explosive trinitrotoluene (TNT), gold, certain drugs, and ionizing radiation. Health consequences can range... 

Soluble inorganic arsenic is acutely toxic, and ingestion of large doses leads to gastrointestinal symptoms, disturbances of cardiovascular and nervous system functions, and eventually death. In survivors, bone marrow depression, haemolysis, hepatomegaly, melanosis, polyneuropathy, and encephalopathy may be observed. 

Cancer is the uncontrolled growth of abnormal cells. It is as old as the existence of animals— cancers are found even in dinosaur bones. Approximately 110 types of cancer have been characterized. In particular, breast cancer (second only to lung cancer in terms of fatality rate) strikes one in eight women and there are approximately 200,000 annual incidents in the United States alone. Twenty-five percent of women with breast carcinoma will even-mally die from their disease. The current arsenal of treatment for breast cancer includes... 

What are things made from We have become a society obsessed with questions about composition, and for good reason. Lead in petrol shows up in the snow fields of Antarctica mercury poisons fish in South America. Radon from the earth poses health hazards in regions built on granite, and natural arsenic contaminates wells in Bangladesh. Calcium supplements combat bone-wasting... 

The important inorganic toxic compounds to be considered in the following pages are arsine, arsenic trichloride, white arsenic, arsenites and arsenates and arsenic sulphides. Metallic arsenic itself is not poisonous, and the intravenous injection of a colloidal solution of this substance has been found 8 to benefit greatly a case of bone sarcoma of the femur which did not respond to X-ray treatment. 

Absorption of arsenic by the bones also occurs to a considerable extent,6 and their arsenic content, whether death occurs after a few hours or only after some days, may give valuable information where suspicion of poisoning exists. Thus in the case of a man who died 8 days after ingesting the poison, 110 mg. of arsenic were found in the bones, about half being present in the bones of the arms and legs and about 20 per cent, in the flat bones of the skull but in the case of a woman who died after 12 horns, out of a total of 1907 mg. found in the body only 3-2 mg. occurred in the bones,7 but this amount was more than was found in any other portion of the body (except the skin) not in direct contact with the alimentary canal. In experiments on dogs to which arsenic had been administered, Popp showed 8 that the amount of arsenic in the calcined bones was about one-sixth of the amount found in the bones before cremation, and less than one-thousandth of the total amount in the whole body before cremation. 

A powder which burns with a green flame is obtained by the addition of nitrate of baryta to chlorate of potash, nitrate of potash, acetate of copper. A white flame is made by the addition of sulfide of antimony, sulfide of arsenic, camphor. Red by the mixture of lampblack, coal, bone ash, mineral oxide of iron, nitrate of strontia, pumice stone, mica, oxide of cobalt. Blue with ivory, bismuth, alum, zinc, copper sulfate purified of its sea water [sic]. Yellow by amber, carbonate of soda, sulfate of soda, cinnabar. It is necessary in order to make the colors come out well to animate the combustion by adding chlorate of potash.15... 

Lindh U, Brune D, Nordberg G, etal. 1980. Levels of antimony, arsenic, cadmium, copper, lead, mercury, selenium, silver, tin and zinc in bone tissue of industrially exposed workers. Sci Total Environ 16 109-116. 

Bone, S.E., Gonneea, M.E. and Charette, M.A. (2006) Geochemical cycling of arsenic in a coastal aquifer. Environmental Science and Technology, 40(10), 3273-78. 

Detoxication of Metals. Pectins or pectin derivatives have been proposed as antidotes for heavy metal poisoning for nearly 200 years. Kertesz (9) has reviewed the early work in this area. Pectin complexes lead so strongly as to quantitatively remove it from solution. Absorption 6f lead, arsenic, and selenium by several animal species has been reduced by pectin- or apple-containing diets. Use of pectin as a prophylactic agent in lead poisoning continues to be of interest. Bondarev (88) recently reported an increase in excretion and a decrease in bone accumulation of lead when rats fed 6 mg/day of lead also received 72-432 mg/day of low ester pectin. Paskins-Hurlburt et al. (89) achieved an 87% decrease in lead absorption by pectate fed rats. These studies bear out the early observations of Fellenburg (see 9, p. 572), who concluded that pectin of decreased ester content would have an enhanced ability to complex metals. 

Leflunomide (Arava) is a relative newcomer to the antirheumatic drug arsenal. This drug helps decrease pain and inflammation in rheumatoid joint disease, and leflunomide has been shown to slow the formation of bone erosions in arthritic joints.19 Leflunomide is also fairly well tolerated by most patients and may produce beneficial effects fairly soon (1 month) after beginning treatment.57,105 This drug is therefore a po-... 

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