Other Industrial Uses

There are 110 references to industrial uses of triazolopyridines, of which 46 are to herbicides and 26 to dyes. A selection of references will be given in each category. 

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Major industrial uses for chloroacetic acid are in the manufacture of cellulose ethers (mainly carboxymethylceUulose, CMC), herbicides, and thioglycolic acid. Other industrial uses include manufacture of glycine, amphoteric surfactants, and cyanoacetic acid. 

Other Applications. Among other industrial uses of lime are causticizing agent in kraft (sulfate) paper (qv) plants recovery of ammonia (qv) from NH4CI (Solvay process) recovery of magnesium (qv) from seawater and brines via precipitation of Mg(OH)2 production of pesticides such as... 

The most common toxic metals in industrial use are cadmium, chromium, lead, silver, and mercury less commonly used are arsenic, selenium (both metalloids), and barium. Cadmium, a metal commonly used in alloys and myriads of other industrial uses, is fairly mobile in the environment and is responsible for many maladies including renal failure and a degenerative bone disease called "ITA ITA" disease. Chromium, most often found in plating wastes, is also environmentally mobile and is most toxic in the Cr valence state. Lead has been historically used as a component of an antiknock compound in gasoline and, along with chromium (as lead chromate), in paint and pigments. 

Fatty acids Organic acids with long carbon chains. Fatty acids are abundant in cell membranes and are widely used as emulsifiers, as metallic soaps, and for other industrial uses. 

This section reports compounds of pharmaceutical interest, one section on Trazodone, and a second on other pharmaceutical compounds. The third section reports on other industrial uses. 

Sulfate solubility properties are the basis for other industrial uses of sulfuric acid. One example is in the metallurgy of titanium. One of the major ores of titanium is FeTi03, which is treated with sulfuric acid to separate titanium from iron ... 

Polyamines and their ammonium salts have been of interest because they are known to have potential applications as chelating agents (1-3), ion exchange resins (4-6), flocculants (7,8), and other industrial uses (9). Recent biomedical applications have constituted another important use of polymeric amines they have been investigated for use as biocompatable materials, polymeric drugs, immobilization of enzymes, cell-culture substratum and cancer chemotherapeutic agents (10-12). 

After conversion to the use of sodium-based chemicals, spent liquor could be incinerated, and sulfur dioxide, sodium sulfate, carbonate, or sulfide could be recovered. These compounds could be sold for use at nearby kraft mills or for other industrial uses. 

Carbon capture and storage technology is the most promising technology to significantly decrease C02 emissions. Nevertheless, it may be possible to use C02 as a raw material for other industrial uses. In this chapter, authors explain both ways to decrease C02 emissions. 

Other industrial applications of 2DLC are known and have been used for applications from quality assurance to synthesis research. These applications will drive 2DLC into new areas as many of the applications used in industry cannot easily be obtained by other means. The analysis of polymers and other industrially useful molecules will be aided by further developments in 2DLC column and instrumental methodologies. 

Other Industrially Used Aqueous-biphasic Processes... 

World oil-shale production fell from its peak of 46 Mt in 1980 to about 16 Mt in 2000 (Brendow, 2003). At present, about 69% of world oil-shale production is used for the generation of electricity and heat, about 6% for cement production and other industrial uses, and 25% is processed into shale oil. Oil shale has been burned directly as a very low-grade, high-ash-content fuel in a few countries, such as Estonia, which is also the only country in Europe where oil shale is of any importance. With a yearly production of about 14 Mt, oil shale still generated more than 90% of the electricity in Estonia at the time of writing, and also most of Estonia s 7000 b/d oil production comes from oil shale. Other countries where surface retorting of oil shale has been used for many years to yield shale oil are Brazil and China, which produced 3100 b/d and 1500 b/d in 2002,... 

LNAPL product was found to be distributed over the central portion of the site with measured apparent thicknesses of approximately 0.2 to 0.5 ft. Concluding that additional work was warranted at the site, two goal-oriented objectives were developed (1) consideration of on-site remedial alternatives to prepare the site for other industrial uses and (2) determination of the extent of off-site groundwater contamination. 

Thus the use and practice of biocatalysis at full scale has waxed and waned over the years. In the past, one factor limiting the use of biocatalysis has been the availability of a variety of enzymes and the time taken to refine/evolve enzymes for specific industrial apphcations. Hydrolytic enzymes such as lipases and proteases designed for other industrial uses such as detergents and food processing have always been available in bulk, and indeed used by process chemists. 

Other industrial uses of aluminum flake include the building industry (production of aerated concrete) and the chemical industry (e.g., production of titanium dioxide, pyrotechnics, and explosives). Copper powder in flake form is used in the chemical industry (e.g., for phthalocyanine production, for lubricants). 

Besides its use in gasoline, a high purity refined grade (99.9% min) of MTBE is produced for other industrial uses. 

Organophosphorus compounds are used widely as pesticides and some also have other industrial uses. These diagrams shows the generic chemical structures for the major classes of organophosphorus pesticides ... 

Chemistry - or chemicals - lies at the heart of everything fibers for new textiles, catalysts for a clean environment, colors that gleam in the sun, polymer electrolyte diaphragms for fuel cells, chemicals for chip production, or fertilizers that help plants grow, ensuring global food production. The chemical industry develops the intermediate products that other industries use, and often develops new processes and products itself, or in conjunction with customers. 

Other industries use TDF in utility and process boilers as supplemental fuel. 

Efforts in genomics have also been directed at manipulation of starch synthesis to modify the amylose amylopectin ratio to increase susceptibility to a-amylase digestion (Smallwood, 2006), in this case to improve ethanol production via fermentation. Such developments would also have spin-offs for other industrial uses of starch where there is a preference for amylose or amylopectin forms. 

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