Application interface definition

American Chemical Society primary journals, production, 131 Apple Macintosh advantages, 22 short learning curve, 22 software, 23 switcher utility, 23-24 Application interface definition, 132 example, 132,133f Attachment point, description, 71 Automated patent system, software development, I4l... 

Research users need full access to the functional elements of the spectrometer system and require the most efficient and flexible tools for MR sequence and application development. If the measurement methods delivered with the software do not adequately address the specific investigational requirements of a research team, modem NMR software is an open architecture for implementing new and more sophisticated functionality, with full direct access to all hardware controlling parameters. After evaluation, the new functionality can be developed with the help of toolbox functions that allow rapid prototyping and final builds, to enable the new sequence to be executed by non-experienced personnel and then used in routine applications. These toolboxes provide application oriented definitions and connect to standard mechanisms and routine interfaces, such as the geometry editor, configuration parameters or spectrometer adjustments. 

MDL SCREEN is the newest entry into the ranks of commercial software to manage HTS. The application interfaces well with popular mainframe databases such as Oracle. SCREEN can handle larger amounts of data, limited mainly by the computational abilities of the processor and the storage capacity of the hard disk. SCREEN is a crossplatform application, a definite plus in a multi-platform environment. The quality control features in SCREEN are well developed. A significant advantage of this software is its... 

As OWL supports the access and inclusion of ontology files via http // web addresses, the web interface of the PDW is able to offer the appropriate files for direct opening in OWL tools such as Protege [979]. Semantic Web Services [831] as the coming standard for Enterprise Application Integration (EAI) may also be used here. By extending the syntactical interfaces definitions with their semantics, the semantic models can be directly integrated with the transfer mechanism. 

To enrich the expressiveness of a given interface to be wrapped, Jacobsen and Kramer modified CORBA IDL (interface definition language) [877] to add specifications of semantic properties, to facilitate a wrapper s source code to be extended by additional semantic checks automatically [765]. For wrapping tools in an a-priori manner, i.e. in these cases where the semantics of the tool s interface is well-known, such descriptions are applicable for synthesizing the wrapper. Unfortunately, in the context of a-posteriori integration the semantic properties to be specified for generating the wrapper are unknown. This was one reason for developing our interface exploration tool. 

Until now, our approach to model-driven wrapper development deals with tools and applications offering COM interfaces. Conceptually, COM is a component technology following the object-oriented paradigm. COM components represent subsystems, i.e. a set of classes including attribute and method definitions, relationships between classes, and a set of interfaces to access the subsystem. COM offers an external description of application interfaces by means of a type library. Such interface descriptions of components included in a type library serve as input for the analyzer to comprehend a component and its various parts syntactically. 

Examples of graphics applications interface standards are the Graphics Kernel System (GKS) (i6) and the Programmer s Hierarchical Interactive Graphics System (PHIGS) (7) Specific interface definitions are part of both GKS and PHIGS. For the device driver interface, examples are the North American Presentation Level Protocol Syntax (NAPLPS) ( ) and the Computer Graphics Interface (CGI) (9). 

This standard proposal is limited to a format model. So, as it had been pointed out earlier, the implementation of this format requires some complementary work, which can partly be standardized. The definition of the Application Programming Interfaces (A.P.l.) could become a standard in the future. Nonetheless, this would require the creation of a new ad hoc group, with different technical competences. 

The line = 0 can be considered as a borderline for applicability of the basic model, in which the Gaussian curvature is always negative. Recall that in the basic model the oil-water interface is saturated by the surfactant molecules by construction of the model. Hence, for equal oil and water volume fractions the Gaussian curvature must be negative, by the definition of the model. 

Successful applications of fourth-order coherent Raman scattering are presented. Interface-selective detection of Raman-active vibrations is now definitely possible at buried interfaces. It can be recognized as a Raman spectroscopy with interface selectivity. Vibrational sum-frequency spectroscopy provides an interface-selective IR spectroscopy in which the vibrational coherence is created in the IR resonant transition. The two interface-selective methods are complementary, as has been experienced with Raman and IR spectroscopy in the bulk. 

With the proper definitions of ex and k0, this equation is applicable to the metal as well as to the electrolyte in the electrochemical interface.24 Kornyshev et al109 used this approach to calculate the capacitance of the metal-electrolyte interface. In applying Eq. (45) to the electrolyte phase, ex is the dielectric function of the solvent, x extends from 0 to oo, and x extends from L, the distance of closest approach of an ion to the metal (whose surface is at x = 0), to oo, so that kq is replaced by kIo(x — L). Here k0 is the inverse Debye length for an electrolyte with dielectric constant of unity, since the dielectric constant is being taken into account on the left side of Eq. (45). For the metal phase (x < 0) one takes ex as the dielectric function of the metal and limits the integration over x ... 

It would seem, at first glance, that the place of electrocapillarity ties in the history of electrochemistry rather than its future, since its application appears limited only to the mercury/electrolyte interface. However, the work of Sato and colleagues (1986, 1987, 1991) has very definitely placed the technique, or at least a development of it, very firmly at the frontiers again. 

The fasting growing application of a mass detector is in the burgeoning field of LC/MS in which the HPLC is connected through an evaporative interface into a mass spectrometer. The MS detector is by far the most sensitive, versatile, and expensive detector used in an HPLC system. The information it provides can yield a definitive identification of the separated compounds, but requires extensive data acquisition and interpretation, computer treatment, and expertise in operation. It will be covered in more detail in Chapter 15. 

The fourth major section of the business plan is the operational structure and processes. In brief, this section describes how the program will be run. This section of the document should provide details on how the service will be provided and by whom—in other words, the work processes that will occur. It should include information on how customers will interface with the program. The organizational structure, number and types of employees, and equipment and other resources used in operation of the program should be described. This section should also include definitions of the regulatory, clinical, and quality requirements that may be applicable to the business and a description of how these requirements will be met. 

The scope of the CRS validation must be defined. For a stand-alone application on a stand-alone computer system, this maybe straightforward. If there are any interfaces with other systems, however, the scope becomes more challenging. A clear definition of the VMP scope will help prevent misunderstandings and scope creep that can cause significant schedule delays. Consider such questions as... 

This does not mean, however, that the rules based on those assumptions must necessarily be incorrect. Though, for example, the original derivation of Evans equation is definitely incorrect, the final equation itself is quite correct (see Chapter 1). Further work is required to check the applicability of the proposed rules to other binary systems of different chemical nature. Also, much efforts are to be undertaken to find out other relationships between the thermodynamic properties of chemical compounds and the sequence of occurrence of their layers at the A-B interface. This sequence seems to be more dependent on the partial, rather than on the integral values of thermodynamic potentials. 

See, for example, Chap. 2 in G. Sposito, The Surface Chemistry of Soils, Oxford University Press, New York, 1984. The location of an interface is a molecular-scale concept that macroscopic definitions like Eq. 4.1 cannot make precise. That the interface is likely to be located within three molecular diameters of the periphery of an adsorbent solid is sufficient detail for the application of the concepts in the present section. See D. H. Everett, op. cit.,1 for additional discussion of the interface to which Eq. 4.1 applies (known technically as a Gibbs dividing surface). 

The WE and CE combination represents a driven electrochemical cell. The presence of the RE allows the separation of the applied potential into a controlled portion (between the RE and the WE) and a controlling portion (between the RE and the CE). The voltage between the RE and the CE is changed by the potentio-stat in order the keep the controlled portion at the desired value. Consider the application of a potential Vin to the WE that is more positive than its rest potential, VffiSt, with respect to RE. By definition, polarization of the WE anodically (i.e., in a positive direction) would lead to an anodic current through the WE-solution interface and a release of electrons to the external circuit. These electrons would be transported by the potentiostat to the CE. A reduction reaction would occur at the CE-solution interface facilitated by a more negative potential across it. The circuit would be completed by ionic conduction through the solution. 

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