Semantic modeling

The subsequent step of the modular systems approach as applied to concrete industrial engineering is the creation of solutions for integrating networking gateways designated the Common Semantic Models and the Generalized Macro Models. 

Let us now summarise the main points (1) there is a phylotypic stage in the development of the body and a specietypic stage in the development of the mind (2) there is a body plan in the development of the body and a universal grammar in the development of the mind (3) there is incomplete information in the development of the body and incomplete stimuli in the development of the mind. If we put these conclusions together, we obtain a semantic model of mind development just as we did for embryonic development ... 

An important research project to support the cooperation on the level of business agreements is Negoisst (see [405, 406]) which drives electronic negotiations between potential contract partners. It uses a three-phase state model to represent the different phases and steps of a contract negotiation. Semantic models and technologies are used to integrate the informal (textual) representation of a contract and its formal (exact) conceptualization. This allows web- or email-based discussions to be based on the exact concepts, attributes, and values. It also enables the tracing of the final results and their intermediate steps. 

As OWL supports the access and inclusion of ontology files via http // web addresses, the web interface of the PDW is able to offer the appropriate files for direct opening in OWL tools such as Protege [979]. Semantic Web Services [831] as the coming standard for Enterprise Application Integration (EAI) may also be used here. By extending the syntactical interfaces definitions with their semantics, the semantic models can be directly integrated with the transfer mechanism. 

Document the requirements definition of the standard software by means of semantic modeling methods, making the business logic more understandable. 

Use semantic models to automate reconciliation of the requirements definition of the target concept with the standard software as much as possible, cutting down on the need for specific IS skills. 

Leverage semantic models as a starting point for maximum automation of system and configuration customizing. 

We base this paper on the semantic model of synchronous transition systems ([KP96], [PS97]), a variant of the clocked transition systems used in [MP96] in particular providing the concept of step. Steps will correspond to clock-cycles at the hardware-level, while a step of our model of data-driven execution will... 

In order to establish firm grounds for the definition of RTL synthesis subsets, and allow the formal verification of model equivalence, where one description is written in VHDL and the other in Verilog, the most obvious approach is to define the semantics of both languages in the same formal mathematical model. The advantage is twofold first it is possible to reduce the complexity of the task by reducing the many syntactic variations of the same behavior to a single normal form, and reason on that normal form second, one can benefit from the existence of formal verification software, by providing a relatively simple translator from a kernel format for the semantic model to the input format of a formal verification tool that can reason on the semantic model. 

The rest of this paper is organized as follows. Section 2 presents our approach to Verilog-VHDL interoperability around a Hierarchical Finite State Machine semantic model. Section 3 defines a common interpretation in that model for a RTL subset of Verilog and VHDL, the emphasis being on the illustration of the approach taken rather than on a complete formal derivation, which would exceed the space of this paper. Section 4 presents an implementation of a translator from SMP to Blif-mv, the intermediate formats for the semantic model in the Prevail and VIS systems, enabling formal verification of VHDL-Verilog equivalence in the VIS environment... 

We now proceed describing, in a rather intuitive way, the semantics of the essential language primitives in the synchronous subset we consider. The two key points are the determination of the input, output, local and state variables, and the extraction of their transfer functions. The semantic model is expressed in terms of sets, and the transfer functions are unordered. To explain, in a uniform way, the interpretation of the sequential assignments (in VHDL processes and in Verilog always blocs), we adopt for both languages an intermediate transformation we create intermediate abstract variables and ensure that each one is assigned only once from there, the identification of the FSM state variables and transfer functions can easily be shown. 

Such a "synchronous" semantic model for VHDL has been defined in [25]... 

Does the semantics model the simulation cycle or the hardware corresponding to the VHDL description ... 

A major tradeoff is whether the semantics models the entire simulation cycle or the hardware corresponding to the VHDL description. Clearly, it is simpler to model a large VHDL subset if the semantics includes a formalization of the simulator. However, there is extra complexity involved in modeling the simulation engine. A related tradeoff is the nature of the translation from VHDL. Most existing approaches are automatable. A manual translation may suffer from bugs that are introduced during translation. 

The aim of this paper is to set out a semantic model for VHDL-AMS, the analog and mixed-signal extension to the IEEE standard hardware description language VHDL (IEEE 1994). VHDL itself supports only digital hardware and discrete time. VHDL-AMS is being developed by IEEE working group 1076.1. 

The major changes to our existing semantic model for VHDL arc ... 

The semantic model set out here puts a copy of the analog solver into each process, along with a fragment of the digital kernel. In detail, the analog solver functionality is embedded in the semantics of the scheduling assignment. 

This approximator produces a world line t,s t) from an initial state sq at time to. It is convenient in terms of our semantic model, however, to express the extension in terms of an initial world line wo with woto = sq. Replace exte toySo) t) in (41) with extend ejlo) wo) t) and generalize sq to u o O) obtaining, for some world line wi ... 

VVe have given a semantic model for the kernel part of the VHDL-AMS language extension which we believe clarifies the semantic issues in the extension. Syntactic issues have not been the subject of this paper. Our treatment may be summarized as follows ... 

This chapter is structured as follows Sect. 6.2 addresses data and semantic models as well as existing standards. Sections 6.3 and 6.4 cover methods to support interoperability and frameworks for resolving interoperability, respectively. In Sect. 6.5 two major case studies are presented, one in the aerospace industry and the other in the building and constmction (B C) domain. Finally, conclusions and outlook close this chapter. 

I will suggest that the explanatory directionality of reduction is tied to differences in how different descriptive or conceptual contents, or Fregean senses present us with entities as having different properties. The idea is this Re-describing an object, we may get better access to its nature. Directionality of reduction just is directionality that stems Irom a difference in the degree to which conceptual or descriptive contents give access to an objects nature, or its constitutive structure. This is reductive dependence. Intuitively, water reduces to H2O because H2O presents us with water under properties that differ relevantly If om those under which water presents us with water. The present section proposes an account of this difference in the sense that it offers a semantic model that enables us to tie reductive dependence to specific semantic features of expressions that pick out a reduced or a reducing object. The difference just is the difference tracked by the directionality of explanatory dependence. Thus, I will not come up with a reductive account of reductive explanation explanatory notions will occur in the characterizations of the central notions of the theory proposed here. 

This stems from some pre-theoretic descriptions, the bridge law interpretation in Nagel, identity-theories in the philosophy of mind, it is Moulines candidate for an amendment of semantic models and it occurs in New-Wave reductionism as a candidate for grounding smooth reductions . 

C. Rouveirol. Semantic model for induction of first order theories. In Proc. of //CA/ 91, pp. 685-690. 

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