Orientation definition

Research users need full access to the functional elements of the spectrometer system and require the most efficient and flexible tools for MR sequence and application development. If the measurement methods delivered with the software do not adequately address the specific investigational requirements of a research team, modem NMR software is an open architecture for implementing new and more sophisticated functionality, with full direct access to all hardware controlling parameters. After evaluation, the new functionality can be developed with the help of toolbox functions that allow rapid prototyping and final builds, to enable the new sequence to be executed by non-experienced personnel and then used in routine applications. These toolboxes provide application oriented definitions and connect to standard mechanisms and routine interfaces, such as the geometry editor, configuration parameters or spectrometer adjustments. 

Rigid molecules are oriented definitely the oriented gas approach... 

This solvent-oriented definition can be widened to include behaviour in any solvent which undergoes self-ionization. 

In water, neutralization reactions follow the general reaction 8.17. The solvent-oriented definition of acids and bases allows us write an analogous reaction (equation 8.18) for a neutralization process in liquid NH3. 

Using the solvent-oriented definition that we introduced in Section 8.4, a species that produces [H2F] ions in liquid HF is an acid, and one that produces [HF2] is a base. 

An application-orientated definition that might state the most accurate minimal demand describes VE systems as a combination of computer-based display and interaction techniques. 

Finally, in terms of techniques, we must remember that for most of the techniques discussed, the evaluation of molecular anisotropy represents only one part of the information that may be extracted. We would therefore employ X-ray scattering for structural studies on the scale 1-100 A although, as we have demonstrated, such information comes as part of the orientation definition. NMR spectroscopy can provide invaluable information on the molecular dynamics, as can ESR and dielectric relaxation spectroscopy. 

Methods for Obtaining Polymer Single Crystals. R. Baughman pointed out that it is not possible to assess orientation definitively on the basis of a measurement such as conductivity, which is sensitive to effective conjugation length. He noted that it is best to combine measurement techniques, e.g., x-ray and spectroscopic methods. For the ultimate in detailed structural (x-ray) and spectroscopic... 

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