API Specification

Barite, predominately BaSO, meets the overall requirements for weighting material better than other materials and is used for increasing the density of drilling fluids throughout the world. Commercial barite has a lower specific gravity than pure barium sulfate owing to the presence of associated minerals, such as silica. Barite is virtually insoluble in water and does not react with other mud constituents. Most operators prefer barite that meets API specifications (Table 2) (23). The barite content in mud depends on the desired density but can be as high as 2000 kg/km (700 lb/bbl). 

Table 6. API Specifications for Technical-Grade High Viscosity CMC ...

Starches, used first in the late 1930s for filtration control (71), are stiU in use in the 1990s. Com starch is most commonly used in the United States. Potato starch is also used in the United States but primarily in Europe and elsewhere. Both com and potato starches are pregelatinized before dispersion in water (72). The API specifications for drilling fluid starch are listed in Table 8 (73). 

Oil well cements (78) are usually made from Pordand cement clinker and may also be blended cements. The American Petroleum Institute Specification for Materials and Testing for Well Cements API Specification 10) (78) includes requirements for nine classes of oil well cements. They are specially produced for cementing the steel casing of gas and oil wells to the walls of the bore-hole and to seal porous formations (79). Under these high temperature and pressure conditions ordinary Pordand cements would not dow propedy and would set prematurely. Oil well cements are more coarsely ground than normal, and contain special retarding admixtures. 

Materials of Construction for Bulk Transport Because of the more severe service, construction materials for transportation usually are more restricted than for storage. Most large pipe lines are constructed of steel conforming to API Specification 5L or 5LX. Most tanks (cars, etc.) are built or pressure-vessel steels or AAR specification steels, with a few of aluminum or stainless steel. Carbon steel tanks may be hned with rubber, plastic, nickel, glass, or other materials. In many cases this is practic and cheaper than using a stainless-steel tank. Other materials for tank construction may be proposed and used if approved by the appropriate authorities (AAR and DOT). 

Standard turboexpander-compressor sets designed and manufactured by competent manufactureres embody many of the reliability improvement and maintenance cost reduction features inherent in API (American Petroleum Institute) standards for other turbomachines. To achieve close compliance, however, the owner/purchasers must know their specific needs or requirements. Nevertheless, it may not be practical, feasible, or economically justified to achieve full compliance with API specifications, which were generally devised without giving thought to the peculiarities of turboexpanders and their sometimes differing operating environments. 

The wall thickness of the coil can be chosen by using any number of recognized codes and standards. In the United States, the most commonly recognized are American National Standard Institute (ANSI) B31.3 and B31.8, or American Petroleum Institute (API) Specification 12 K. Volume 1 has the tables for ANSI B31.3 and ANSI B31.8. Table. - -1... 

API Specification IIP Specification for Packaged Reciprocating Compressors for Oil and Gas Production Services covers packaged high-speed separable compressors with speeds from 600 to 1,200 rpm. The majority of reciprocating compressors sold in today s market fall into this category. 

Specific gravity 60/60F - g Degrees API specific gravity - Baume... 

All operating parameters must be considered to make certain that an acceptable operating compressor and process fit exists. The key parameter must be evaluated as part of an overall operating analysis and considered independently. Peters 2 points out that the API Specification 617, the ASME codes, and other applicable codes may require some modification when applied to side load compressors. 

The best compilation of standardized specifications is presented in the API Specification For Mechanical-Drive Steam Turbines For General Refinery Services Its suggested standard datasheet is given in Figure 14-25. 

API Specification for Mechanical-Drive Steam Turbines for General Refinery Services (Tentative Standard 615), latest edition. American Petroleum Institute, Division of Refining, Washington, DC. 

Using the data contained in the API specifications for V belting, the following steps can be used to find V-belt drive system dimensions. 

API Specification for Internal-Combustion Reciprocating Engines for Oil-Field Service, API STD 7B-11C, Eighth Edition, March 1981. 

API Specifications for Oil-Field V-Belting, API Spec IB, Fifth Edition, March 1978. 

Inverted Tooth ( Uenl) Gh ns and Sprocket Teeth," ANSI. Standard B 29,2M-16. API Specifications for. Oil Field Chain and Sprockets, API. Spec. 7E . Fourth,... 

The API Standard 4F, First Edition, May 1, 1985, API Specifications for Drilling and Well Servicing Structures, was written to provide suitable steel structures for drilling and well servicing operations and to provide a uniform method of rating the structures for the petroleum industry. API Standard 4F supersedes API Standards 4A, 4D, and 4E thus, many structures in service today may not satisfy all of the requirements of API Standard 4F [2-5]. 

Wire Rope. Wire rope for guy lines or erection purposes shall conform to API Specification 9A Specification for Wire Rope. ... 

Wire Rope. The size and type of wire rope shall be as specified in API Specification 9A and by API RP 9B (see section titled Hoisting System ). 

Plates, Shapes, and Bar Stock. Structural material used in the manufacture of main load carrying components of the equipment shall conform to applicable ASTM or API specifications covering steel shapes, plates, bars, or pipe, or a proprietary specification conforming to the minimum requirements of applicable ASTM or appropriate standard. Structural steel shapes having a specified minimum yield strength less than 33,000 psi, or steel pipe having a specified minimum yield strength less than 35,000 psi shall not be used. 

Crown Blocks. For crown block design, see API Specification 4F. Crown block sheaves and bearings shall be designed in accordance with API Specification 8A. 

Although the rotary hose is not a rotating element, it is mentioned here due to its connection with the swivel. It is used as the flexible connector between the top of the standpipe and the swivel, and allows for vertical travel of the swivel and block (Figure 4-89). It is usually 45 ft or longer. Rotary hose specifications are provided in API Specification 7 [13]. Each hose assembly is... 

Rotary hose external connections (i.e., the connection to the swivel gooseneck) are threaded with line-pipe thread as specified in API Specification 5B [14]. 

The API requirements for rotary table openings for square drive master bushings and the sizes of the square drive and pin-drive master bushings are specified in API Specification 7 [1]. 

The major portion of drill string is composed of drill pipe. The drill pipe is manufactured by the seamless process. According to API Specification 5A (Thirty-fifth Edition, March 1981), seamless pipe is defined as a wrought steel tabular product made without a welded seam. It is manufactured by hot working steel or, if necessary, by subsequently cold finishing the hot worked tabular product to produce the desired shape, dimensions and properties. 

These data have been extracted from API Bulletin 5C2, API Specifications 5A and Hughes Tool Company Bit Handbook. Source From Ref. [155]. 

Tensile Tests. Tensile properties shall be determined by tests on longitudinal specimens conforming to the requirements of Paragraph 4.4 (see API Specification 5A) and ASTM A370 Mechanical Testing of Steel Products, Supplement II, Steel Tabular Products. 

Dimensions, Weights and Lengths (Section 6, API Specification 5A) Dimensions and Weights... 

The following are excerpts both from API Specification 5A, 35th Edition, March 1981 and API RP 5B1, 1st Edition, April 1983. 

Note Most buttress thread couplings will not develop the highest minimum joint strength unless couplings of the next higher order are specified. (See API Specification 5A for more detailed information.)... 

Tetracalcium aluminoferrite (4CaO Al O, FeOj) has little effect on the physical properties of the cement. For high-sulfate-resistant (HSR) cements, API specifications require that the sum of the tetracalcium aluminoferrite content plus twice the tricalcium aluminate may not exceed a maximum of 24%. 

The tubing steel grade data as given by API Specification 5A, 35tb Edition (March 1981), Specification 5AX, 12th Edition (March 1982) and Specification 5AC, 13th Edition (March 1982), are listed in Table 4-163. 

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