Steel Casings

Eisen, n. iron (in certain cases) steel iron (or steel) instrument or utensil horseshoe. 

Insulation Lagging Complete Casing Steel Base for Turbine Only ... 

A form of corrosion resulting from the presence of two dissimilar metals such as steel and copper in an electrolyte such as water forming a galvanic couple, whereby the less noble anodic metal (in this case steel) corrodes. 

At the same time, across all the sectors and policies, there was a reduction in volume of production, in most cases by much less than 1%. In two extreme cases - steel and cement - under the toughest policy scenario, the output reductions were of 10% and 5%. This supports the suggestion, made for example by the CBI, that the EU ETS might cause a reduction in employment in some sectors. 

In many cases, steel is suitable for the construction of alkylating equipment, even in the presence of the strong acid catalysts, as their corrosive effect is greatly lessened by the formation of esters as catalytic intermediate products. 

For the downhole cement to be effective, the bond between the cement and the casing steel as well as downhole rocks should be good. Wagh et al. [9] evaluated the Ceramicrete formulations given in Table 15.2 for bond strength. They used pipe sections made of mild steel API 5L for bond strength tests with the casing steel. The sections had an internal... 

A comparative study of spark-ablation ICP-MS and GD-MS in the case of steel has been reported by Jakubowski and coworkers [536, 613], The RSFs for a number of trace elements and the measurement precision are very similar in both cases. Steel analysis by GD-MS benefits from the addition of 1% of H2 to the Ar discharge gas [614], the explanation for which is certainly complex. For certified reference steels, including superalloys, reliable analysis results can be obtained. The determination of Mo, Nb and Zr in steels by GD-MS was found to be affected by the formation of multiply-charged cluster ions (metal argides) [615]. A correction based on the assumption that the rate of formation of the singly-charged argide is the same for all analytes and coincident with that of FeAr+ was used. The capabilities of low resolution GD-MS were shown by the example of steel analysis [616], where detection limits were down to 1 ng/g and up to 30 elements could be determined. 

Standard Fitted Pump - Iron fitted or bronze fitted includes cast iron casing, steel shaft, either iron or bronze imp>eller and usually bronze wearing rings and shaft sleeves when used). 

Materials of Construction. In a great many cases, steel is suitable for the construction of alkylating equipment, even in the presence of the strong acid catalysts, as their corrosive effect is greatly lessened by the formation of esters as catalytic intermediate products. In the petroleum industry, sulfuric acid and hydrogen fluoride are employed on a very large scale as alkylation catalysts however, these must be substantially anhydrous to be effective so steel equipment is satisfactory. Where conditions are not anhydrous, lead-lined, Monel-lined, or enamel-lined equipment is satisfactory. In a few cases, copper or tinned copper is still used, as in the manufacture of pharmaceutical and photographic products, to lessen contamination with metals. 

In some cases, steel filters are undesirable. An analyte may adsorb to the steel or may decompose in the presence of steel. In these cases, plastic frits made from PEEK (polyetheretherketone) or polyethylene can be substituted for the stMl filters. They are not as strong as steel frits and are not completely compatible with all mobile phases. Polyethylene swells in solvents such as hexane, methylene chloride, or tetrahydrofuran (THE). PEEK also is incompatible with methylene chloride and THF. In combination with PEEK or glass tubing, these frits can be used for the construction of columns with a metal-free flow path. 

Figure 7.61 Regions of stress intensity factor and H2S concentration which may or may not lead to crack formation in a casing steel with yield strength Oy = 900 MPa. Steel thickness 9 mm. Environment 5% NaCl solution at 25-80 C (further explanation is given in the text). (After Edwards [7.55].)...

Casing—Steel piping positioned in a wellbore and cemented in place to prevent the soil or rock from caving in. It also serves to isolate fluids, such as water, gas, and oil, from the surrounding geologic formations. 

Casing Steel pipe that is relatively slim walled and large diameter (5.5 to 13.37 inches). Joints of casing are screwed together to form a casing string, which is run into a well and cemented to the sides of the well. 

New developments involve optical fibre transmission cables which have a high plastic content and plastics also play their part in other transmission media—in communications satellites and submarine cables and at a more mundane level in the structure of telephone poles traditionally made of timber or, in some cases, steel. 

A comparative study of spark-ablation IGP-MS and GD-MS in the case of steel has been reported by Jakubotvski and cotvorkers [658, 784]. The RSFs for a number of trace elements and the measurement precision are very similar in both cases. Steel analysis by GD-MS benefits from the addition of 1% of H2 to the Ar dis-... 

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