Piping steel

Mid-1984 materials and labor factors have been reported for over 30 equipment types (13). The commodity materials include factors for concrete foundations, piping, steel supports, instmmentation, insulation, electrical, and painting. InstaHation labor factors are given for each of the commodity... 

Distribution networks in towns have been built over periods of deeades with various phases of pipeline teehnology. Networks ean eonsist of welded steel pipes, steel pipes with lead soekets, different types of east iron and plastie pipes. 

Apply operational controls in mill, including careful removal of surface defects at intermediate or final stages crop sufficiently to remove piped steel. 

Many companies now insist that if use of the wrong grade of steel can affect the integrity of the plant, all steel must be checked for composition before use. This applies to flanges, bolts, welding rods, etc., as well as the raw pipe. Steel can be analyzed easily with a spectrographic analyzer. Other failures caused by the use of the wrong construction material are described in Section 16.1. 

A larger upward force F is then applied to the drillstring. This causes the free portion of the drillstring to elastically stretch by an amount L (ft). The stretch (or elastic displacement) is measured by the movement of the original reference mark. The magnitude of F is limited by the yield, or elastic limit of the pipe steel. 

Recently, attention has been directed to a study of the problem of grooving corrosion in line-pipe steel welded by high frequency induction or electric resistance welding. In sea water, it seems to be related to high sulphur content in the weld zone, the type of environment, its temperature and velocity The importance of sulphur is significant since Drodten and... 

Fusion bonded epoxy AWWA/ANSI C213 BS 3900 Electrostatic spray in factory and for joints in field 0-3-0-65 Higher temperature iimitations and superior soii stress resistance compared with enamels. Requires careful handling in the field. Quality of pipe steel important. 

Correct structural design of vessels, piping, steel work. 

Toughness 30% higher than line pipe steels for comparable natural gas service... 

A 53 Pipe, Steel, Black and Hot-Dipped, Zinc-Coated, Welded and Seamless [Note (2)]... 

A 134 Pipe, Steel, Electric-Fusion (Arc)-Welded (Sizes NPS 16 and Over) [Note (1)]... 

ASTM A 53, Standard specification for pipe, steel, black and hot-dipped, zinc-coated, welded and seamless. 

Figure 19. Dramatic prevention effect introduced by REM additions against disintegration of line pipe steel by hydrogen-induced cracking (HIC)...

I45. Parrini, C. DeVito, A. "High Strength Microalloyed Pipe Steels Resistant to P ydrogen-Induced Failures", Presented at Micon 78 Conf., Houston, Texas, April 3-5, 1978, Private Publ. by Italsider, Taranto, Italy, also, ASTM book STP 672, Baltimore,... 

Elboujdaini, M., Shehata, M.T., A Review on the Initiation of Environmentally Assisted Cracking in Line Pipe Steel, Proceedings of the Egyptian Corrosion Society, pp. 1-13, December 2004. 

The process for manufacturing helical seam line pipe (previously called spiral weld) is shown schematically in Figure 5.9. As in ERW pipe, steel strip in coil form is used, but the coil is formed into a spiral. The seams are welded by the DSAW process as in UOE pipe. Some early prejudice against helical... 

Procurement was handled in two ways major equipment was purchased by individual contractors while non-engineered items, such as piping, steel, electrical cable, et cetera, were purchased by Bechtel. Procurement of equipment was on a worldwide basis. The sourcing of equipment was dictated by the financing arrangements for the project. Significant numbers of major equipment and non-engineered items were supplied by Japanese companies. 

Fig. 7.82 Effects of strain rate upon stress corrosion susceptibility of line pipe steel in 79 °C, 2 N CO3/HCO3 solutions at several potentials relative to SHE. Redrawn from Ref 119...

Fig. 7.119 Fatigue-crack-growth rates as a function of stress-intensity amplitude for X-65 line pipe steel in air. Frequency 0.1-15 Hz, at R = 0.2. Redrawn from Ref 1 69...

Figure 7.123 shows the corrosion-fatigue behavior of the line pipe steel in the 3.5% NaCl solution at the corrosion potential, -440 30 mV (SHE) compared with -800 10 mV (SHE) when cathodically coupled (Ref 169). At the higher free-corrosion potential, the slope of re-... 

Boothby P J, Hart P H M Welding 0.45%V line pipe steels . Metal Constr 13 (9) 1981 560-565. 

To evaluate the hydrogen trapping abftity of API X65 line pipe steels, hydrogen per-meabihty and apparent diffusivity was measured in their various microstructures... 

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