Wrought steels

Standard Wrought Steels. Steels containing 11% and more of chromium are classed as stainless steels. The prime characteristics are corrosion and oxidation resistance, which increase as the chromium content is increased. Three groups of wrought stainless steels, series 200, 300, and 400, have composition limits that have been standardized by the American Iron and Steel Institute (AlSl) (see Steel). Figure 8 compares the creep—mpture strengths of the standard austenitic stainless steels that are most commonly used at elevated temperatures (35). Compositions of these steels are Hsted in Table 3. 

P/M steels can be heat treated in the same manner as cast or wrought steels. They may be austenitized, quenched, and tempered. Surface hardening includes pack or gas carburization or nitriding, ie, heating in a nitrogen-containing atmosphere. Because of the greater amount of exposed surface area in the form of porosity, a protective atmosphere is needed (see Metal surface treatments). 

S, lOS, and 40S are extracted from Stainless Steel Pipe, ANSI B36.19—1976, with permission of the publisher, the American Society of Mechanical Engineers, New York. ST = standard wall, XS = extra strong wall, XX = double extra strong wall, and Schedules 10 through 160 are extracted from Wrought-Steel and Wrought-... 

BS 970 1991 Part 3 - Specification for Wrought Steels for Mechanical and Allied Engineering Purposes. London BSI. 

Commercial Wrought Steel Pipe Data (Based on ANSI B36.10 wall thicknesses)... 

A-6 Altitude and Atmospheric Pressures, 578 A-7 Vapor Pressure Curves, 579 A-8 Pressure Conversion Chart, 580 A-9 Vacuum Conversion, 581 A-10 Decimal and Millimeter Equivalents of Fractions, 582 A-11 Particle Size Measurement, 582 . A-12 Viscosity Conversions, 583 A-13 Viscosity Conversion, 584 A-14 Commercial Wrought Steel Pipe Data, 585 A-15 ... 

A-11 Particle Size Measurement, 434 A-l 2 Viscosity Conversions, 435 A-13 Viscosity Conversions, 436 A-14 Commercial Wrought Steel Pipe Data, 437 A-15 Stainless Steel Pipe Data, 440 A-16 Properties of Pipe, 441 A-17 Equation of Pipes, 450 A-l 8 Circumferences and Areas of Circles, 451 A-19 Capacities of Cylinders and Spheres,... 

The major portion of drill string is composed of drill pipe. The drill pipe is manufactured by the seamless process. According to API Specification 5A (Thirty-fifth Edition, March 1981), seamless pipe is defined as a wrought steel tabular product made without a welded seam. It is manufactured by hot working steel or, if necessary, by subsequently cold finishing the hot worked tabular product to produce the desired shape, dimensions and properties. 

Welded and Seamless Wrought Steel Pipe Stainless Steel Pipe... 

ISO 683-1, Heat-treatable steels, alloy steels and free-cutting steels — Part 1 Direct-hardening unalloyed and lo w-alloyed wrought steel in form of different black products. 

Specification for wrought steels for mechanical and allied engineering purposes—4 parts. Steels for pressure purposes plates. 

Allowable stresses and values of the coefficients for different materials are given in Appendix A of the design code. Standard dimensions for stainless steel pipe are given in ASME B36.19, and for wrought steel and wrought iron pipe in ASME B36.10M. Standard pipe dimensions are also summarized by Perry and Green (1997). 

Cast steels are steels that have been cast into sand molds to form finished or semifinished machine parts or other components. Mostly, the general characteristics of steel castings are very comparable to those of wrought steels. Cast and wrought steels of equivalent composition respond similarly to heat treatment and have fairly similar properties. A major difference is that cast steel has a more isotropic structure. Therefore, properties tend to be more uniform in all directions and do not vary according to the direction of hot or cold working as in many wrought-steel products. 

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