Inducing factors

Mitochondrial permeability transition involves the opening of a larger channel in the inner mitochondrial membrane leading to free radical generation, release of calcium into the cytosol and caspase activation. These alterations in mitochondrial permeability lead eventually to disruption of the respiratory chain and dqDletion of ATP. This in turn leads to release of soluble intramito-chondrial membrane proteins such as cytochrome C and apoptosis-inducing factor, which results in apoptosis. 

Bishop, P.D., Pearce, G., Bryant, J.E. Ryan, C.A. (1984). Isolation and characterization of the protease inhibitor-inducing factor from tomato leaves, identity and activity of poly- and oligogalacturonide fragments. Journal of Biological Chemistry, 259,13172-7. 

Zagzag D, Lukyanov Y, Lan L, Ah MA, Esencay M, Mendez O, Yee H, Voura EB, Newcomb EW (2006) Hypoxia-inducible factor 1 and VEGF upregulate CXCR4 in glioblastoma implications for angiogenesis and glioma cell invasion. Lab Invest 86 1221-1232... 

Ahn JK, Koh EM, Cha HS, Lee YS, Kim J, Bae EK (2008) Role of hypoxia-inducible factor-lalphain hypoxia-induced expressions of IL-8, MMP-1 and MMP-3 in rheumatoid fibroblast-tike synoviocytes. Rheumatology (Oxford) 47(6) 834-839 Ao X, Wang X, Lennartz MR, Loegering DJ, Stenken JA (2006) Multiplexed cytokine detection in microUter microdialysis samples obtained from activated cultured macrophages. J Pharm Biomed Anal 40(4) 915-921... 

Now that an haustorial inducing factor has been characterized in a host plant that could be grown in the laboratory, the levels of the compounds actually exuded could be analyzed. John Steffens and Rody Spivey focused on developing methods that would allow for suitable quantitation. Efforts were made to quantitate not only the terpenoid components, but also the flavanoid, genistein (4, 5,7-trihydroxyiso-flavone), which was found to be a major isoflavone of Lespedeza. Genistein was analyzed to gain an estimate of levels of phenylpro-... 

FIGURE 8.12 Direct phosphorylation of the STAT class of transcription factors. Through their SH2 domains, the p84Slalla and p91StaIlb associate with the receptor and become phosphorylated on tyrosine residues. They form a dimer (called the Sis-inducible factor, or SIF) that translocates to the nucleus, where it binds to a Sis-inducible element (SIE) and activates transcription of, for example, the c-fos gene. 

Zhou YD et al (2005) Terpenoid tetrahydroisoquinoline alkaloids emetine, king me. and isocephae-line inhibit the activation of hypoxia-inducible factor-1 in breast tumor cells. J Nat Prod 68(6) 947-950... 

The involvement of mitochondria in the pro-apoptotic effects of carotenoids has been clearly demonstrated by the fact that P-carotene induces the release of cytochrome c from mitochondria and alters the mitochondrial membrane potential (Aym) in different tumor cells (Palozza et al., 2003a). Moreover, the highly polar xanthophyll neoxanthin has been reported to induce apoptosis in colon cancer cells by a mechanism that involves its accumulation into the mitochondria and a consequent loss of mitochondrial transmembrane potential and releas of cytochrome c and apoptosis-inducing factor (Terasaki et al., 2007). 

Jouvet, M. (1984a). Indolamines and sleep-inducing factors. In Sleep Mechanisms, ed. A. Borbely J.-L. Valatx, pp. 81-94. Berlin Springer-Verlag. 

Takeuchi, M., Nishizaki, Y., Sano, O., Ohta, T., Ikeda, M. and Kurimoto, M. (1997) Immunohistochemical and immuno-electron-microscopic detection of inter-feron-gamma-inducing factor ( interleukin 18 ) in mouse intestinal epithelial cells. Cell and Tissue Research 289, 499-503. 

The concentration of the synthase or the number of enzyme copies has been assumed to have an influence on the molecular mass and molecular mass distribution of the synthesized polymer [33],but this has not been confirmed. The only variables found so far to control the molecular mass of the polymer are the initial ratio of substrate to enzyme levels, and the concentration of inducing factors in the culture medium [34-36] cf. also Chap. 9 of this book. 

P. Frohna, S. Milwee, J. Pinkett, T. Lee, K. Moore-Perry, J. Chou, and R. H. Ellison in Results from a Randomized, Single-Blind, Placebo-Controlled Trial of FG-4592, a Novel Hypoxia Inducible Factor Prolyl Hydroxylase Inhibitor, in CKD Anemia, Vol. 2007, American Society of Nephrology Renal Week, San Francisco, November 2-5, 2007, Abstract SU-PO806, as abstracted in N. Agarwal and J. T. Prchal, Semin. Hematol., 2008, 45, 267. 

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