And loblolly pine

Brix, H. (1962). The effect of water stress on the rates of photosynthesis and respiration in tomato plants and loblolly pine seedlings. Physiologia Plantarum, IS, 10-20. 

Hollis and associates (TD investigated the allelopathic effect of nine of the most abundant herbaceous and shrubby understory associates in Lower Coastal Plain flatwoods pine stands on germination, radicle extension, and shoot growth of slash and loblolly pine. They identified lyonia (Lyonia lucida) as a strong inhibitor of both pine species. Subsequent field studies confirmed that lyonia reduced the growth of planted slash pine. Few studies have followed lab or greenhouse results with corroboration from field studies. Fewer yet have adequately traced the path of allelochemicals in the environment. 

Allelopathic interactions may occur throughout the life of a stand, but are most commonly observed during reforestation or regeneration. Allelopathy prevents some tree species from regenerating, but most regenerate in spite of it. The allelopathic plants of abandoned fields are not common forest species. In contrast, however, Douglas-fir, jack pine, black and white spruce, wild cherry, and slash and loblolly pine seedlings appear to be inhibited by species common in the forest. In such cases... 

Production. Rosin is isolated from pine trees, principally from longleaf Firmspalnstris, slash Pirns elhoti, and loblolly pine Finns taeda. The products are known as gum, wood, or tall oil rosin, based on the method of isolation and the source. 

Several companies, in cooperation with the U.S. Forest Service, have been studying the effectiveness of paraquat in enhancing the quantity of chemicals produced in slash and loblolly pine trees. Results over the last 6 years show that there can be a positive effect and that beta-pinene is preferentially produced in slash pines by treatment with paraquat. Results reported on loblolly pine show an increase of 50% in tall oil content when correctly applied. The expected increase... 

To determine the distribution of lignin from bromine analysis, it is essential to know the reactivity of bromine toward lignin in different morphological regions. For black spruce (Picea mariana), Douglas-fir (Pseudotsuga menziesii) and loblolly pine (Pinus taeda), the lignin in the secondary wall of tracheids is 1.7... 

JS Bond. Raman Microspectroscopic Investigation of Patterns of Molecular Order in the Secondary Walls of Black Spruce and Loblolly Pine Tracheids. Ph.D. thesis, Georgia Institute of Technology, 1991. 

Clearcut postharvest residue volumes were compared to thinning harvest residue volumes for UK upland spruce plantations with 44.7 ODMT/ha )deld volume for clearcut and 18.0 ODMT/ha yield volume for thinned stands [1]. Watson et al. [3] quantified the energy-wood biomass available on two 22-year-old slash pine plantations and a 45-year-old natural stand of mixed slash and loblolly pine in Alabama. All stands were being clearcut for pulpwood. Two harvesting methods were applied, a one-pass system and a two-pass system. Mean residue harvest volume for the two plantation pine stands was 75.4 green metric tons per hectare (GMT/ha) for the natural mature stand the mean harvest volume was 61.5 GMT/ha. 

Discussing sap-stain on soft woods, Boyce says, Certain species are peculiarly susceptible to sap-stain. This is due both to toe character of toe wood and to the climatic conditions of the region where toe species growB. Western white pine, Bpruce, raid southern yellow pine, toe last-named wood including longleaf pine (Pinus palustris Mill.), shortleaf pine (P. echinata Mill.), and loblolly pine (P. tmda Linn.), are very subject to sap-stain, especially blue-stain, while true fir and cedar are not so easily affected. Douglas fir occupies an intermediate position. 

Wood wastes do sometimes contain substances that are toxic to plants. In the studies with the 28 species of trees, Allison (1965) reported that most of the woods and barks were not toxic, but California incense cedar and white pine bark were very toxic to garden peas even at the rates of 1 and 2% added to soil in the presence of adequate nitrogen and lime. The woods of red cedar, Ponderosa pine, and loblolly pine, and the barks of California incense cedar and yellow poplar were slightly toxic at the 2-4% rates. The toxicity symptoms usually decreased with time during the two- to three-month period following addition to the soil. There have also been reports that a few other woods, such as walnut, hemlock, fir, and balsam are sometimes, but not always, toxic. Toxicity seems to vary with the age of the tree, and is also dependent upon the quantity added and the test plant. Decomposition time curves, reported by Allison, indicate that it is not uncommon for wood products to slightly retard early decomposition, apparently until the toxic materials disappear. The chemical nature of any toxic products present is not known with certainty but some investigators have attributed the toxicity to resins, turpentine and tannins. 

Table III. ENERGY COSTS AND YIELDS FOR THE INTENSIVE MANAGEMENT OF DOUGLAS-FIR AND LOBLOLLY PINE ...

International Paper Co. — Southlands Experiment Forest. "Effects of Site Preparation on Planted Sweetgum. Sycamore and Loblolly Pine on Upland Sites — Third Year Measurement Report", prepared by R. Hunt. Bainbridge. Ga.. 1975. 

A method for the gel permeation chromatographic analysis of the molecular weight distribution of wood pulp holocellulose as the carbanilate derivative has been applied to red maple Acer rubrum) and loblolly pine Pinus taeda). Either the chlorine-ethanolamine or acid-chlorite method could be used to prepare the holocellulose and the derivative was obtained by heating at 80 with phenylisocyanate in pyridine. Higher temperatures caused depolymerization. 

Veysey JS, Ayres MP, Lombardero MJ, Hofstetter RW, Klepzig KD (2003) Relative suitability of Virginia pine and loblolly pine as host species for Dendroctonus frontalis (Coleoptera Scolytidae). Environ Entomol 32(3) 668-679... 

Popp MP, Johnson JD, Lesney MS (1995) Changes in ethylene production and monoterpene concentration in slash pine and loblolly-pine following inoculation with bark beetle vectored fungi. Tree Physiol 15(12) 807-812... 

Hemingway R W, McGraw G W 1976 Progress in the chemistry of shortleaf and loblolly pine bark flavonoids. J Applied Polym Sci Appl Polym Symp 28 1349-1364... 

Seiler, J.R., and D. J. Paganelli. 1987. Photosynthesis and growth response of red spruce and loblolly pine to soil-applied lead and simulated acid rain. For. Sci. 33 668-675. 

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