Pine, Virginia

Shinohara et reported that up to 10 h of postexposure light did not affect the response of tobacco (H-mutant) to ozone. Davis and WoocT delayed symptom development in Virginia pine when the plants were held in the dark for extended periods after ozone exposure. However, the final severity of response was unchanged. 

It has been suggested that higher postexposure temperatures will cause an increase in sensitivity. This was shown for Virginia pine and for white ash, but the reverse occurred in Bel W3 tobacco and in radish. ... 

Linzon reported snb symptoms on white pine after several days of wet weather followed by a continuous sunny period. Symptoms were noted several times during the 1957-1964 growing seasons at Chalk River, Ontario, but time of occurrence did not correlate well with peak oxidant concentrations. Berry and Ripperton observed emergence tipbum on susceptible trees in West Virginia several days after oxidant peaks of 0.065 ppm. They found that container-grown susceptible pine clones were protected from injury if placed in a chamber supplied with charcoal-filtered air. 

Even that kind of information is not available for forest species. Other than chronic injury to white pine (associated with ozone, sulfur dioxide, and their mixtures), no clearly defined examples of chronic injury from ozone have been reported for eastern forests, and no information is available on PAN. It is of interest that both Virginia and jack pine appear more sensitive than white pine to acute ozone exposures, but chronic symptoms have not been observed in either species. The relationship between oxidant dose and injury in the San Bernardino Mountains area suggests that ponderosa pine is moderately to severely injured in areas that receive oxidant at above 0.08 ppm for 12-13 h each day (Chapter 12). Ponderosa pine seems to be the most sensitive western pine, but in some areas Jeffrey pine is about as sensitive. White fir, incense cedar, and sugar pine all appear more tolerant, even to the high oxidant concentrations in the San Bernardino Mountains. PAN may play some role in the chronic responses noted in the western forest species, particularly by broadleaf deciduous trees and some shrubs. 

PINE, sugar (P. lampertiana) nNE, Virginia (P, virginiana Mill.)... 

Higher concentrations of ozone in the forested areas of the eastern United States would undoubtedly cause greater injury to eastern white pine and other forest species. Chapter 11 reports additional studies that suggested that other conifer species, in particular Virginia pine and jack pine, may be more sensitive to ozone than eastern white pine. In addition, there is a synergistic interaction between low concentrations of ozone and sulfur dioxide that is the cause of the chlorotic dwarf disease... 

Rocky Mountain (juniper) Pine Austrian Eastern white Pitch Ponderosa Red or Norway Shortleaf Virginia... 

Boyd, J.W. (1984). Weed control in Virginia pine Christmas trees. Proc. South. Weed Sci. Soc., 37 209. 

Wheeler, G.L., R.J. Colvin, and J.F. Young (1987). The effects of seedling source, method of weed control and fertilizer on Virginia pine grown for Christmas trees in southern Arkansas. Ark. Agric. Exp. Stn. Bull., 898 13. 

Distribution Low moist sandy soil, pine woods, flatwoods, savannas, and low prairies, in the Coastal Plain from Virginia to central Florida and along the Gulf to Texas, and north in the valleys to Missouri and Oklahoma. Source Chase 1929... 

Kheumatic Decoction. Virginia snako-root, 1 drachm sarsaparilla in powder, 6 drorhm.K burdock seed. 2 drachma poke root, 2 drachms wine-pine bark, 2 dracnmB ... 

Fig.5.3. Ectotrophic mycorrhizae of Virginia pine. (From Hacskaylo, 1967.)...

Veysey JS, Ayres MP, Lombardero MJ, Hofstetter RW, Klepzig KD (2003) Relative suitability of Virginia pine and loblolly pine as host species for Dendroctonus frontalis (Coleoptera Scolytidae). Environ Entomol 32(3) 668-679... 

Occurrence. The sugar, discovered by Berthelot in 1859, is a constituent of the sweet exudations of many plants such as the honeydew of limes and poplars, and the manna exuded from insect-produced wounds of the Douglas fir, Virginia pine, larch, etc. In dry seasons when the supply of flower nectar is insufficient, bees may collect these mannas or honeydews, and the honeys may contain considerable quantities of melezitose (151). When the quantity of the trisaccharide is great, crystallization of the honey may take place in the comb. Probably because of the resistance of the melezitose to hydrolysis by invertase, honeys which contain this sugar will not serve as food for bees. 

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