Climatic condition

Each country adopts such and such a class as a function of its climatic conditions. France has chosen classes B, E, and F, respectively for the summer, winter, and cold wave periods. The first is from 1 May to 31 October, the second is from 1 November to 30 April, while the third has... 

Regarding product characteristics, European specifications were established in 1992. They concern mainly the motor octane number (MON) that limits the olefin content and which should be higher than 89, and the vapor pressure, tied to the C3/C4 ratio which should be less than 1550 mbar at 40°C (ISO 4256). On the other hand, to ensure easy vehicle start-ups, a minimum vapor pressure for winter has been set which is different for each country and depends on climatic conditions. Four classes. A, B, C, and D, are thus defined in Europe with a minimum vapor pressure of 250 mbar, respectively, at -10°C (A), -5 C (B), 0°C (C) and -t-10°C (Z)). France has chosen class A. 

Most emphasis is placed on a program of rigorous preventive maintenance. Appropriate climate conditions can help to prevent mold attack, which typically only occurs at elevated relative humidity. Storage furniture which provides an effective barrier for insects, regular inspection of the collections, monitoring of all collection areas with insect traps, and access control measures which minimize the chance of insect entry into the collection areas, are some aspects of an effective pest control management program (175). 

Pipeline technology iavolves desiga, coastmctioa, maintenance (qv), and operation. Although certain aspects of the technology differ under different climatic conditions, whether above or below ground or under water, etc, the basic steps are the same for Hquids pipelines as for gas pipelines. 

Other typical pyrotechnic fuels include charcoal, sulfur, boron, siUcon, and synthetic polymers such as poly(vinyl alcohol) and poly(vinyl chloride). Extensive use has been made of natural products such as starches and gums, and the use of these materials continues to be substantial in the fireworks industry. MiUtary pyrotechnics have moved away from the use of natural products due to the inherent variabiUty in these materials depending on climatic conditions during the growth of the plants from which the compounds are derived. 

Many factors affect the mechanisms and kinetics of sorption and transport processes. For instance, differences in the chemical stmcture and properties, ie, ionizahility, solubiUty in water, vapor pressure, and polarity, between pesticides affect their behavior in the environment through effects on sorption and transport processes. Differences in soil properties, ie, pH and percentage of organic carbon and clay contents, and soil conditions, ie, moisture content and landscape position climatic conditions, ie, temperature, precipitation, and radiation and cultural practices, ie, crop and tillage, can all modify the behavior of the pesticide in soils. Persistence of a pesticide in soil is a consequence of a complex interaction of processes. Because the persistence of a pesticide can govern its availabiUty and efficacy for pest control, as weU as its potential for adverse environmental impacts, knowledge of the basic processes is necessary if the benefits of the pesticide ate to be maximized. 

Data vary with efficiency of dehulling and oil extraction, variety of seed, and climatic conditions during growth. Red skins or testa. 

Only those grades of emulsified asphalt in general use have been indicated herein. It is possible that under certain variation of aggregates and/or climatic conditions, additional selections might be appropriate. Where the use of emulsified asphalt for appHcations other than those Hsted in the table are contemplated, the emulsion suppHer should be consulted. 

The full brake dynamometer, when properly instmmented and controlled, reflects the actual brake performance in a vehicle with reasonable accuracy. High initial investment is recovered through operation independent of the climatic conditions and by a fully automatic operation for extended periods, minimizing personnel costs. 

New cocoa hybrids and selections have been developed in Malaysia and other countries that produce significantly higher yields in select soil and climate conditions. In addition, high density plantings have demonstrated higher and earlier yield in Malaysia and the Philippines. Low or no shade cocoa has also proven to increase yields. However, both high density and reduced shade cocoa production requires additional inputs of management and nutrition. Additional inputs to control pests and diseases also maybe required. 

AgronomicaHy, Exxon products have been successful on a number of crop appHcations under varied climatic conditions from the plains of Canada to the heat and humidity of Elorida. 

Copper, aluminium, steel and galvanized iron are the most widely used metals for the purpose of grounding. Choice of any of them will depend upon availability and economics in addition to the climatic conditions (corrosion effect) at the site of installation. In Table 22.3 we provide a brief comparison of these metals for the most appropriate choice of the metal for the required application. 

Depending on the specifics of the project, location, climatic conditions, engine type, and economic factors, a hybrid system utilizing a combination of the above technologies may be the best. The possibility of using fogging... 

Manufacturers need to have confidence that a continual uninterrupted supply of raw material can be sustained throughout the life cycle of a product. It is of equal importance that the feedstock should not be restricted by geographical and climatic conditions or that yield does not dramatically vary when harvested in different locations and at a particular time of the year. The key to an increased usage of natural products by industry is in the control of the above variables so that the end performance of the product remains consistent. 

For structures and equipment, the utility should be located where it cannot be affected by natural and climatic conditions. This includes (1) corrosive pollution that may be airborne, (2) prevalent winds, and (3) surface water currents from near or remote sources. 

An air curtain is to be used in the doorway of an industrial building to prevent the penetration of cold air into the building. The task is to dimension this air curtain device for the following climatic conditions ... 

Degree-days Temperature data recorded over a 24-hour period as deviation from a certain base temperature used to deter mine the operating costs of a heating or air conditioning system depending on the external climatic conditions. 

Climatic conditions, age, and the digestion process influence not only the structure of fibers but also the chemical composition. Mean values of components of plant fibers are shown in Table 4. With the exception of cotton, the components of natural fibers are cellulose, hemi-cellu-lose, lignin, pectin, waxes, and water-soluble substances. 

Roulet, C. Rossy, J. and Roulet, Y. (1999). Using Large Radiant Panels for Indoor Climate Conditioning." Energy and Buildings 30 121-126. 

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