Beta-pinene

Beta-pinene from alfa-pinene KX Hexene [211]... 

Hedychium coronarium Koen. Shan Ren (Ginger lily) (flower, rhizome) Sesquiterpenes, phenols, aldehyde, ketone, 1,8-cineole, camphene, beta-pinene.60-195 Stimulant. 

Ledum palustre L. subsp. decumbens (Aiton) Hulten Tu Xian (leaf, shoot) Alpha-pinene, camphene, sabinene, myrcene, alpha-phellandrene, beta-pinene, limonene, quinene, isothujene, ascaridol, arbutin ericolin.48 Treat cough, asthma, lower blood pressure, antifungal. 

Lindera glauca (Sieb. et Zucc.) Blume Bai Ye Diao Zhang (fruit) Essential oils, cineole, limonene, caryophyllene, bornylautate, fatty acids, camphene, beta-pinene.55 Carminative properties, treat arthritis joint pain. 

Oenothera javanica (BI) DC Shui Jin (seed, leaf) Bis (2-ethyl butyl) phthalate, n-butyl-2-ethyl butyl phthalate, diethyl phthalate, myrcene, alpha-pinene, terpinolene, limonene, beta-pinene, alpha-terpinene, persicarin, petroscelinic aicd.48-50 For plethora, cholera, dysuria, fever, hematuria, influenza, jaundice, metrorrhagia, antivinous, hemostat. Externally for abscesses, cancerous swelling, snakebite. 

Asarum canadense L. China Essential oils including ucarvone, safrole, beta-pinene, asoryl-ketone, asariline.33 Analgesic, sedative, antipyretic, antiinflammatory... 

Glechoma hederacea L. China 1-pinocamphone, 1-menthone, 1,8-cineol, isomenthone, 1-pulegone, alpha-pinene, beta-pinene, isopinocamphone, limonene, menthol, alpha-terpineol, linalool, p-cymene.48 Febrifuge, anodyne, treat earache, fever, toothache, diuretic, decoagulant, arthritis. 

N.A. Myrcene, sabinene, alpha-pinene, beta-pinene, cineole, tinnins, diterpenes, resin." This herb is potentially toxic. A tonic, diuretic, antiseptic, for cystitis, relieve fluid retention. 

N.A. Terpenoids, cineole, beta-pinene, alpha-terpineol." Antiseptic, treat cold, sore throats, coughs, chest infections. 

N.A. Alpha-pinene, beta-pinene, delta-limonene.98-99 Mild antiseptic effect, essential oil for asthma, respiratory infections, digestive disorder. 

China Agastache rugosa (Fisch. Mey.) O. Kuntze Essential oils, methylchavicol, anethole, anisaldehyde, d-limonene, hexenol, calamene, beta-pinene, p-methoxycinnamaldehyde, d-pinene, octanol, cymene, linalool, elemene, caryophyllene, farnesene.48 Chest congestion, diarrhea, headache, nausea, antipyretic, carminative, febrifuge, stomachic. 

N.A. Pinus albicaulis Engelm. P. contorta Dougl. ex. Loud. P. mugo Turra var. pumilio P. palustris Mill. P. strobus L. Bishomophinolenic acid, resins, mallol, bomeol acetate, tannins, vitamin A, vitamin C, galactose, alpha-pinenes, beta-pinenes, anthocyanin.8102 Relieve fever, bronchial and nasal congestion, improve blood flow. Anthocyanin from bark has antioxidant activity, inhibits the enzymes that cause inflammation. 

Orange terpenes were emulsified in various carrier s and spray-dried. The spray-dried powders were aged for 3 days at 80 C in a draft oven. Beta-pinene is an oxidation product in orange terpenes which can be measured by GC. The beta-pinene level is proportional to the degree of oxidation of the orange terpenes. High levels of beta-pinene content in the spray-dried powders indicate poor oxidation resistance imparted to the encapsulated terpenes by the carrier. 

A Beckman Model 4 GC was equipped with a carbowax column, temperature 180 C (inlet). A microliter injection was made and the oxidized beta-pinene peak was measured. The retention time for the oxidized beta-pinene peak is 5.5 minutes. The encapsulated orange terpenes were first dissolved in water before injection. 

Another important aspect of encapsulation efficiency is the resistance to oxidation that the carrier imparts to the flavor oils. The oxidation resistance properties are critical to shelf-life stability of the encapsulated product. Oxidation properties can be measured organoleptically by a taste panel or by gas chromatograph of the recovered oil. Peaks related to oxidation products of orange terpenes obtained from GC analysis can be monitored as the powders are aged for three days at 80 C. The GC was used to measure beta-pinene, an oxidation product of orange terpenes. The results are reported in square inches. The greater the area for the beta-pinene peak, the poorer the oxidation resistance of carrier towards the orange terpenes. The data is presented in TABLE 5 ... 

Optical Rotation. Standards established by the Pharmacopeia of the United States (25) require the optical rotation of lemon oils to fall within the range of 57 to 65.5°. Authentic lemon oils, however, have optical rotations that may vary from below 50 to above 70°. Stanley et aU (26) demonstrated a relationship between the optical rotation of lemon oil and the hydrocarbon composition. They found a high positive correlation of optical rotation with d-limonene, and a high negative correlation with beta-pinene. 

Several companies, in cooperation with the U.S. Forest Service, have been studying the effectiveness of paraquat in enhancing the quantity of chemicals produced in slash and loblolly pine trees. Results over the last 6 years show that there can be a positive effect and that beta-pinene is preferentially produced in slash pines by treatment with paraquat. Results reported on loblolly pine show an increase of 50% in tall oil content when correctly applied. The expected increase... 

In - (alpha-) and - (beta-) pinenes it is the position of the double bond that differs, and this makes them isomers. They are made up of the same... 

Fig. 28.20. Some reactions of alpha-pinene and beta-pinene. (From L A. Goldblatt, Yearbook of Agriculture, U.S.D.A., 1950-51.)...

Lu, S., Xu, R., Jia, J.W., Pang, J., Matsuda, S.P. and Chen, X.Y (2002) Gloning and functional characterization of a beta-pinene synthase from Artemisia annua that shows a circadian pattern of expression. Plant Physiol., 130,477-86. 

C10H16 beta-pinene 127-91-3 -61.54 1.0926 2 20580 C10H17NO6 2-(beta-D-glucopyranosyloxy)-2-methylpropane 554-35-8 25.00 1.2064 2... 

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