Plants Tomatoes

The first known incidence of pollution from approved herbicides was identified in 1972 in Essex, where tomato plants grown by commercial producers became malformed. The plants had been watered from public water supplies fed from a reservoir. The reservoir in turn abstracted water from a river supplemented by a water transfer scheme, from the River Cam in Cambridgeshire. Pollution from a factory manufacturing 2,3,6-TBA was identified as the cause and the problem was subsequently resolved by treating the effluent. 

Johnson et al. (34) eoupled SEC in the non-aqueous mode (Mieropak TSK gel eluted with tetrahydrofuran) to a gradient RP LC system using aeetonitrile/water for the determination of malathion in tomato plants and lemonin in grapefruit peel. 

Brix, H. (1962). The effect of water stress on the rates of photosynthesis and respiration in tomato plants and loblolly pine seedlings. Physiologia Plantarum, IS, 10-20. 

Rush, D.W. Epstein, E. (1976). Genotypic responses to salinity. Differences between salt-sensitive and salt-tolerant genotypes of the tomato. Plant Physiology, 57, 162-6. 

An agricuiturai chemist wished to study the effect of varying fertilizer applications on the growth of tomato piants. The chemist prepared a stock aqueous solution of urea, (NH2)2 CO, by dissolving 1.75 g of this compound in water to make 1.00 L of solution. Then she prepared a series of more dilute solutions to apply to her tomato plants. One of these solutions contained 5.00 mL of stock solution diluted to give a final volume of 25.00 mL. What was the concentration of urea in this diluted solution ... 

FRASER P D, ROMER S, SHIPTON C A, MILLS P B, KIANO I W, MISAWA N, DRAKE R G, SCHUCH W and BRAMLEY p M (2002) Evaluation of transgenic tomato plants expressing an additional phytoene synthase in a fruit-specific manner , Proc Natl Acad Sci, 99, 1092-7. 

ROMER S, FRASER P D, KIANO J, SHIPTON C A, MISAWA N, SCHUCH W and BRAMLEY P M (2000) Elevation of the provitamin A content of transgenic tomato plants . Nature Biotech, 18, 666-9. 

Bramley, P. et al.. Biochemical characterization of transgenic tomato plants in which carotenoid synthesis has been inhibited through the expression of antisense RNA to pTOM5, Plant J. 2 (3), 343, 1992. 

Enfissi, E.M.A. et al., Metabohc engineering of the mevalonate and non-mevalonate isopentenyl diphosphate-forming pathways for the production of health-promoting isoprenoids in tomato. Plant Biotechnol. J. 3, 17, 2005. 

Hall, L. N., Bird, C. R., Picton,S. P., Tucker, G. A., Seymour, G. B and Grierson, D (1994) Molecular characterisation of cDNA clones representing pectin esterase isozymes from tomato. Plant Molecular Biology. 25. 313-318. 

Taylor,J.E., Tucker,G.A., Lasslett,Y., Smith,C.J.S., Amold,C.M., Watson,C.F., Schuch,W., Grierson,D and Roberts,J.A (1990) Polygalacturonase expression during leaf abscission of normal and transgenic tomato plants. Planta. 183.133-138. 

Fusarium oxysporum fsp. radicis-lycopersici Jarvis and Shoemaker (FORE) (Jarvis and Shoemaker, 1978) [1] is a pathogen of tomato which, with the arrival of intensive tomato culture under glass, has developed to serious proportions [2]. This forma specialis of F. oxysporum affects largely the root and crown tissues of tomato and the symptoms occur as foot and root rot. FORL isolates are pathogenic on tomato plants with genes for resistance to races 1 and 2 of Fusarium oxysporum Schlecht. fsp. lycopersici (Sacc.) Snyd. Hans (FOL), that cause the common Fusarium wilt of the tomato. However, although resistance to FORL has been found and incorporated into commercial cultivars, the disease is a severe problem in wide areas of the North Hemisphere [3-9]. 

D. J. Pilbeam, 1. Cakmak, H. Marschner, and E. A. Kirkby, Effect of withdrawal of phosphorus on nitrate assimilation and PEP carboxyla.se activity in tomato. Plant Soil I54 (1993). 

H. Heuwinkel, E. A. Kirkby, J. Le Bot, and H. Marschner, Phosphorus deficiency enhances molybdenum uptake by tomato plants. J. Plant Niitr. 15 549 (1992). 

M. E. Brown, R. M. Jack.son, and S. K. Burlingham, Effects produced on tomato plants by seed or root treatment with gibberellic acid and indol-3yl-acetic acid. Journal of Experimental Botany /9 544 (1968). 

Food Chain Bioaccumulation. Bioconcentration of diisopropyl methylphosphonate occurs primarily in the leaves of plants (O Donovan and Woodward 1977a, 1977b). However, DIMP also bioconcentrates in the edible root portions of radishes and carrots, and in the fruit of tomato plants at lower levels. Exposure may occur through the ingestion of fruits and vegetables that have been irrigated with DIMP contaminated water. Additional studies are needed to assess the potential for bioconcentration in plants. While it is possible that diisopropyl methylphosphonate may enter the food chain via animal feed, DIMP is rapidly changed to IMPA by animals that eat it. Therefore, it is unlikely that DIMP will be bioaccumulated in animals and be present further up the food chain. 

Moco S, Bino RJ, Vorst O, Verhoeven HA, de Groot J, van Beek TA, Vervoort J and de Vos CH. 2006. A liquid chromatography-mass spectrometry-based metabolome database for tomato. Plant Physiol 141 (4) 1205—1218. 

For example, the resistance of plants to the pathogen Pseudomonas syringae was studied by Thipyapong and others (2004) in tomato plants into which antisense PPO cDNA was inserted. Their results showed a strong reduction of PPO activity and a dramatic increase in the susceptibility of plants, although the overall growth and development of the tomato plants was not affected by the downregulation of PPO. 

---