Anatomical

A significant aspect of hip joint biomechanics is that the stmctural components are not normally subjected to constant loads. Rather, this joint is subject to unique compressive, torsion, tensile, and shear stress, sometimes simultaneously. Maximum loading occurs when the heel strikes down and the toe pushes off in walking. When an implant is in place its abiUty to withstand this repetitive loading is called its fatigue strength. If an implant is placed properly, its load is shared in an anatomically correct fashion with the bone. 

Resorption of bone tissue occurs in total hip joint replacement patients if sufficient stresses are not adequately transmitted to the remaining bone in exactiy the same way that the bone transmitted those stresses originally. Therefore, the design and proper placement of the neck coUar and hip stem must be effective in recreating anatomical stmcture. 

Nuclear medicine studies may reveal information that is primarily anatomic in nature, or indicate the function of an organ on a regional basis (Table 1). These studies may be intended to identify new disease, confirm or deny suspected disease, or foUow the progress of treatment or the course of disease. The diseases may be relatively benign or extremely serious and can range from widespread medical problems such as ischemic heart disease to rarities such as Legge-Perthe s disease and malignant pheochromocytoma (7). 

Fig. 3. Schematic representation showing the anatomical basis for differences in the quantitative supply of absorbed material to the Hver. By swallowing (oral route), the main fraction of the absorbed dose is transported direcdy to the Hver. FoUowing inhalation or dermal exposure, the material passes to the pulmonary circulation and thence to the systemic circulation, from which only a portion passes to the Hver. This discrepancy in the amount of absorbed material passing to the Hver may account for differences in toxicity of a material by inhalation and skin contact, compared with its toxicity by swallowing, if metaboHsm of the material in the Hver is significant in its detoxification or metaboHc activation.

The anatomical stmcture of wood affects strength properties, appearance, resistance to penetration by water and chemicals, resistance to decay, pulp quabty, and the chemical reactivity of wood (5). To use wood most effectively requires a knowledge of not only the amounts of various substances that make up wood, but also how those substances are distributed ia the cell walls. 

H. Kronecker and W. Stirling, Beit. Anatom. Physiol Festgabe CarlEudwiggewidmet, Leipzig, 1875. 

Study waxes ie, waxes for carving, are useflil in the study and modeling of tooth forms and the teaching of anatomical detail. Carving wax compositions include paraffin, ceresin, ozokerite, camauba wax, montan waxes, and Acrawax C. Fillers and pigments may be added. 

Amalgam restorations are prepared by mixing a powdered alloy with mercury to form a plastic moldable mass that is packed or condensed iato the prepared cavity. The cavity is designed to provide mechanical retention, maximum marginal mass, support to absorb the functional stresses transmitted through the restoration, and maximum protection to the remaining tooth stmcture. The restoration reestabUshes the normal tooth anatomical form and function. 

FIGURE 5.14 (a) Anatomical overview of che human respiratory tract. The larynx generally... 

Anatas, m. anatase. anatomisch, a. anatomical, anktzen, v.t. cauterize begin to etch, begin to corrode etch on. 

Prosthesis Any device that replaces an anatomical part or deficiency. 

Timber is derived from a great number of botanical species, and has a wide range of properties. Variability also occurs within a single species and in order to achieve acceptable levels of uniformity, selection by grading is necessary. The timber trade differentiates between softwoods and hardwoods, and the latter are again separated into temperate and tropical types. Hardwoods are derived from broad-leaved and mainly deciduous trees, which are anatomically more complex and differ in chemical composition... 

The distinction between a- and P-adrenergic receptors was first proposed by Ahlquist in 1948 based on experiments with various catecholamine derivatives to produce excitatory (a) or inhibitory (P) responses in isolated smooth muscle systems. Initially, a further subdivision into presynaptic a2- and postsynaptic oq-receptors was proposed. However, this anatomical classification of a-adrenergic recqrtor subtypes was later abandoned. 

A compartment is an anatomical space in the body into which a diug or metabolite, or a chemical derivative or metabolite formed from the parent diug may distribute. 

Cerda-Reverter JM, Larhammar D (2000) Neuropeptide Y family of peptides structure, anatomical expression, function, and molecular evolution. Biochem Cell Biol 78 371-392... 

Anatomical component Nociceptor terminal Afferent Spinal cord Brain... 

Positron emission tomography (PET) is an imaging technique that relies on the emission of positrons from radionucleotides tagged to an injectable compound of interest. Each positron emitted by the radioisotope collides with an electron to emit two photons at 180° from each other. The photons are detected and the data processed so that the source of the photons can be identified and an image generated showing the anatomical localization of the compound of interest. 

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