Tree, deciduous

The viscosity of the spray oil, as measured by the Saybolt test, also determines its safety on plants. Other properties being equal, oils of low viscosity ate safer to use on foHage than those of high viscosity. For dormant sprays on deciduous trees, oils with viscosities between 100 and 200 Saybolt universal seconds (SUs) at 37.8°C are considered satisfactory. A lower range is often used in colder and a higher range in warmer areas. 

Laub-holz, n. leaved trees, deciduous trees wood of deciduoiis trees, hardwood, -holz-kohle, /. hardwood charcoal, -holzzellstofff m. Paper) hardwood cellulose or pulp, laubverlierend, laubwechselnd, a. deciduous. Lauch, m. leek. 

Timber is derived from a great number of botanical species, and has a wide range of properties. Variability also occurs within a single species and in order to achieve acceptable levels of uniformity, selection by grading is necessary. The timber trade differentiates between softwoods and hardwoods, and the latter are again separated into temperate and tropical types. Hardwoods are derived from broad-leaved and mainly deciduous trees, which are anatomically more complex and differ in chemical composition... 

Different types of woods are generally classified as softwood if they come from conifers or hardwood if they were lumbered from deciduous trees. Look up the densities of some softwood trees, such as spruce or juniper, and compare these with hardwoods, such as elm or... 

If evapotranspiration of the system exceeds precipitation, it is possible to capture water that is moving vertically through soil. Areas that receive precipitation in the wintertime (the dormant season for deciduous trees) must be modeled to determine if the soil will be sufficiently dry to hold water for the next spring s growth period. 

Acanthopanax ricinifolius Seem. (Kalopanax ricinifolius [Sieb. Zucc.] Miq, Kalopanax pictus [Thunb.] Nakai, Acer pictum [Thunb], Acanthopanax ricinifolium [Sieb. Zucc.] Seem, Kalopanax septemlobus Koidz. var septemlobus, Panax ricinU folium Siebold Zucc, Kalopanax ricinifolium Miq, Kalopanax pictum Nakai), or prickly ginseng, castor Aralia, prickly castor oil tree, or tzu ch iu shu (Chinese), is a deciduous tree that grows to 25 m in Siberia, Korea, Japan, and China. The bark is gray mottled with yellowish-white the stems are thorny and the leaves simple and palmate (Fig. 67). 

As one can see from distribution of Cd concentration values in deciduous trees, there are three separate sections in this line. The first one amalgamates most wood samples, excepting Aspen tree samples. The second and third parts of the distribution line consist mostly the Aspen tree samples taken from two different... 

Distribution of Cd content (mg/kg dw) in wood biomass of Deciduous trees... 

These are not only responsible for the orange colour of carrots, but for the spectacular autumn colours of deciduous trees as well. 

Figure 1 (a) Coniferous and deciduous trees with root systems, (b) fungal... 

Any leaves from deciduous trees and shrubs can be gathered up in fall to make leaf mold. Do not use evergreens, such as laurel and holly. Leaves of some species take longer than others to decay, but all rot down eventually. An easy way to collect leaves from a lawn is to run the mower over them. The grass and chopped leaf mixture in the mower bag will rot down easily. (Alternatively, mow without the bag on the mower worms will soon take the chopped leaves down into the lawn.) To supplement supplies, collect leaves from guiet streets or, with permission, from parks and cemeteries. Leaves from busy roadsides can be polluted with oil and vehicle emissions. Some communities collect leaves and produce leaf mold to sell or give to the public. Never collect leaves or leaf mold from woodlands. 

Bulbs Late winter and early spring flowering bulbs such as tulips are ideal among perennials and spring bedding, and planted under deciduous trees and shrubs. 

Even that kind of information is not available for forest species. Other than chronic injury to white pine (associated with ozone, sulfur dioxide, and their mixtures), no clearly defined examples of chronic injury from ozone have been reported for eastern forests, and no information is available on PAN. It is of interest that both Virginia and jack pine appear more sensitive than white pine to acute ozone exposures, but chronic symptoms have not been observed in either species. The relationship between oxidant dose and injury in the San Bernardino Mountains area suggests that ponderosa pine is moderately to severely injured in areas that receive oxidant at above 0.08 ppm for 12-13 h each day (Chapter 12). Ponderosa pine seems to be the most sensitive western pine, but in some areas Jeffrey pine is about as sensitive. White fir, incense cedar, and sugar pine all appear more tolerant, even to the high oxidant concentrations in the San Bernardino Mountains. PAN may play some role in the chronic responses noted in the western forest species, particularly by broadleaf deciduous trees and some shrubs. 

The pulp and paper industries use three types of raw materials, namely, hard wood, soft wood, and nonwood fiber sources (straw, bagasse, bamboo, kenaf, and so on). Hard woods (oaks, maples, and birches) are derived from deciduous trees. Soft woods (spruces, firs, hemlocks, pines, cedar) are obtained from evergreen coniferous trees. 

Oros DR, Simoneit BRT, Identification and emission factors of molecular tracers in organic aerosols from biomass burning Part 2. Deciduous trees, Applied Geochem 16 1545-1565, 2001. 

Bryce Canyon, a hillside of deciduous trees in autumn, the Overture of 1812, horses, a smiling little girl, Horsehead nebula, rings of Saturn, snow-capped mountain in a forest, palm trees on a Caribbean beach, newborn human infant, looks that pass between couples who have been happily married for 30 years, Ferrari Modena, Quebec City, the late Marian Anderson s voice, Newton s solution of the brachistochrone problem, a fresh pizza Martin Luther King Junior s I Have... 

Emissions of monoterpenes have been observed from a variety of plants, including pines (e.g., Juuti et al., 1990 Guenther et al., 1994 Street et al., 1997 Staudt et al., 1997), resin in pine forests (e.g., Pio and Valente, 1998), spruce (Street et al., 1996), some deciduous trees such as oaks (e.g., Benjamin et al., 1996 Street et al., 1997 Kesselmeier et al., 1998), and gorse (e.g., Cao et al., 1997). Interestingly, as for ethene, increased emissions have been observed when plants are stressed (Fall, 1999). For example, Juuti et al. (1990) report that... 

Figure 6. Seasonal changes in leaf nitrogen (A) and leaf toughness (B) of a series of deciduous tree species. (Reproduced with permission from Ref. 43.)...

Chapman, Pearce, and Avens (4, 20) investigated the relation between chemical composition and insecticidal efficiency of various dormant and foliage spray oils against several common insect pests of deciduous trees, and found it to be positive. They concluded that an oil which is highly paraffinic in character is the most desirable type. Saturated narrow-cut petroleum fractions were used by Pearce, Chapman, and Frear 21) in a study of the influence of molecular weight and structural constitution on the insecticidal efficiency of such oils to eggs of the oriental fruit moth, Grapholitha molesta (Busck). Correlations between efficiency and various properties were compared on the basis of composition. The value of paraffinicity was illustrated, and the importance of other properties was indicated. 

Broussonetia kazinoki Siebold Zucc. is a deciduous tree growing to 4.5 m that flowers in August. It occurs in mainland China, Japan, and Korea [1]. The plant requires well-drained soil but can grow in... 

Guaiacylglycerol-/3-coniferyl ether is a dimeric decomposition product of coniferous lignin dehydrodivanillin may be also formed by dimerization of vanillin after formation from lignin. Among the lignin decomposition products are mono-, di- and triphenol derivatives which are derived from the different types of lignin of needle trees, deciduous trees, or graminees. 

T. Goodwin, Biocbem. J. 68, 503-511 (1958), Studies in Carotenogenesis 24. The Changes in Carotenoid and Chlorophyll Pigments in the Leaves of Deciduous Trees During Autumn Necrosis. ... 

To control the complex process of cooking by the sulfate process cellulose, by means of a computer, it is necessary to have a mathematical model of the process. To obtain this model for the process of cooking by the sulfate process cellulose from a mixture of soft and hardwood and deciduous trees, we have used a fractional factorial experiment. It included these seven factors xi consumption of active lye, % Na20 on completely dry wood X2 cooking temperature, °C ... 

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