Aircraft textiles

The toxicity of some flame-retardant components and of their combustion gases is a particular concern for flame-retardant finishes, especially if based on halogens and several heavy metals. Therefore, aircraft textile equipment has to fulfil special requirements, for example, smoke density and toxicity tests. Toxicity problems include ... 

Other compounds are of industrial value lead chromate is chrome yellow, a valued pigment. Chromium compounds are used in the textile industry as mordants, and by the aircraft and other industries for anodizing aluminum. 

Transportation. High performance fibers and high technology textile products have many appHcations ia the transportation area. Composites are increasingly used as stmctural materials ia aircraft components such as horizontal stabilizers, fins, landing gear doors, fan blades, and nose spia cones. 

Hard facing of various components in the aircraft gas-turbine engine and in industrial apphcations for textile machinery parts, oil and gas machinery parts, paper-shtting knives, etc, is estimated at 1 x 10 in 1995 with an estimated growth rate of 5% annually. The mix is approximately 45% aerospace apphcations, 55% industrial apphcations. Additionally, repair coatings for gas-turbine blades and vanes is estimated at 500 x 10 . These coatings are primarily deposited by plasma spray, arc-wire, HVOF, and detonation gun techniques. 

Acrylic Plastics 1931 G P P F-P F-P Injection, compression, extrusion or blow molded Lenses, aircraft and building glazing, lighting fixtures, coatings, textile fibers... 

Most composites used in aircraft must be "laid up" by hand, because a reliable manufacturing technology for composites has yet to be discovered. Chemical processing combined with textile engineering could be used to achieve major advances in the manufactme of reliable composites for major stmctural components of aircraft. 

Together, antifreeze, PET, and polyester polymers account for about 98% of the ethylene glycol produced in the United States. It is also used sometimes as a deicer for aircraft surfaces. The two hydroxyl groups in the EG molecule also make EG suitable for the manufacture of surfactants and in latex paints. Other applications include hydraulic brake fluid, the manufacture of alkyd resins for surface coatings, and stabilizers for water dispersions of urea-formaldehyde and melamine-formaldehyde The hygroscopic properties (absorbs moisture from the air) make EG useful as a humectant for textile fibers, paper, leather, and adhesives treatment. 

The example of the textile chain demonstrates (i) how much the techni-cal/aesthetic quality of products and chemicals-related product security are interdependent and (ii) what requirements exist for a quality management system beyond the supply chain level. Only the major brands can take this initiative on a global scale. For cosmetic, medical devices and food products, as well as technical products with high safety requirements (such as aircraft), management systems beyond supply chain level have now become a matter of survival. The same holds true for products that are subject to special waste and design regulations in Europe (such as automotive vehicles and electronic equipment). 

Aluminum (properly called aluminium, but the former name prevails in North America) is found in combination with Si and 0 as aluminosilicates in rocks, and as its ore, bauxite. The metal finds use in vehicles, aircraft, packaging, cookware, construction materials, etc., while aluminum salts are used in baking powders, water treatment, and dyeing of textiles. Aluminum oxide is widely used as a refractory and as a support for catalysts. Aluminosilicate catalysts such as zeolites are of key importance in the chemical and petroleum industries. 

Textiles Coatings (e.g., back coatings, impregnation, carpets, automotive sealing, furniture ri homes and office buildings, aircraft, subways, tents, trains, and military safety clothing) ... 

RDX, PETN, HNS or DIP AM), with a minimum of 19685 ft/sec. Sometimes termed mild detonating cord in smaller diameters, it may be wrapped with a variety of plastics or textiles for partial or complete confinement of the detonation. The expl core is clad in a seamless, continuous metal sheath of Pb, A1 or Ag. X-cord is also available in square, rectangular or cross sections other than round. The cord may be initiated with a standard blasting cap. Not commonly employed in commercial blasting, X-cord is used in aircraft, aerospace, and industrial applications... 

Elementorganic polymers are not only highly thermostable, but also perform well under low temperatures, sunlight, humidity, weather, etc. Besides, their physics and chemistry change little in a wide temperature range. Thus, these polymers (especially silicones) are widely and effectively used in the electrical, radio, coal, mechanical rubber, aircraft, metallurgical, textile and other industries. They are of great utility not only in industry, but also in households and in medicine, where their merits can hardly be overestimated. 

Measurement of flame spread under external heat flux is necessary where the thermal radiation is likely to impinge on the textile materials, for example, the flooring material of the building or transport vehicles whose upper surfaces are heated by flames or hot gases, or both. The French test method, NF P 92-503 Bruleur Electrique or M test involves radiant panel for testing flame spread of flexible textile materials. This test method (flame spread under external heat flux) is the basis of that used by the FAA (Federal Aviation Administration) for assessing flammability of textile composites used in thermal/acoustic insulation materials (FAR 25.856 (a)) used in aircraft and has also been included by the EU for fire test approval of floorings such as prEN ISO 9239 and BS ISO 4589-1. 

The Industrial Revolution enabled people to be vastly more productive at a time when previously the per capita output was limited by time, technology, process, but not limited by the vastly abundant natural world. Beginning with the Industrial Revolution the raw materials used by the chemical industry existed in the form natural capital coal, crude oil, natural gas, sulfur and other materials that resulted from millions of years of natural processes. The Industrial Revolution turned those raw materials - in massive quantities - into refined fuels, new materials, medicines, explosives for war, mining, and construction plastics for aircrafts and automobiles, buttons, and toys medicines to cure the wounded or the ailing textile dyes for fabrics, inexpensive clothing and fertilizers to increase food production for nations. 

---