Acrylic Elastomer Latexes

A number of patents have emphasized acrylic elastomers as a method of rubber-toughening plastics.The latexes are crosslinked, in part, to impart mechanical stability during processing. Acrylic latexes have improved stability to light and heat over SBR or NBR, and thus offer an improvement to ABS materials. In general, saturated elastomers have proved superior to the diene types for outdoor use because of their superior weather resistance. 

Ryan and Crochowski teach the use of acrylic latex IPNs dispersed in PVC copolymers to produce transparent, impact-resistant vinyls (see Table 8.1). A three-stage polymerization of the latex particles is required. A crosslinked rubbery latex such as poly(butyl acrylate) makes up the seed latex. A crosslinked vinyl aromatic, such as polystyrene, makes up network II. A linear poly(alkyl methacrylate), such as PMMA, forms polymer III. The finished latex is coagulated and blended with PVC to produce a tough, transparent plastic. Transparency is achieved by a close match of refractive indices. 

Spilner, in Example 7, prepared a two-stage latex IPN, based on butyl acrylate copolymers. The latex is dispersed in an MMA monomer mix (Example 13) to produce tough acrylic plastics after polymerization. Materials of this nature also exhibit a high degree of clarity. 

Vollmert presented 31 examples of multipolymer compositions, some of which were IPNs, (see Table 8.1). In example 20, a crosslinked poly(n-butyl acrylate) makes up network I. Poly(n-butyl acrylate-co-acrylonitrile) crosslinked with 1,4-butane-diol diacrylate makes up network II on a separate latex. A linear poly(styrene-co-acrylonitrile) latex makes up polymer III for a third latex. The three latexes are blended to form an impact-resistant polystyrene. This particular product, however, is not an IPN, because the two crosslinked latexes were polymerized and crosslinked separately and then mechanically blended together. 

Johnson and Labana prepared latex-based, acrylic IPNs by synthesizing a crosslinked seed latex, overcoated with an —OH bearing linear polymer II, which was subsequently crosslinked after molding. In 

---

Distearyl thiodipropionate Ditridecyl thiodipropionate Poly-a-methylstyrene Trixylenyl phosphate plasticizer, absorption bases Lanolin alcohol plasticizer, ABS-PC Triphenyl phosphate plasticizer, acrylate elastomers Triisononyl trimellitate plasticizer, acrylate resins Diisooctyl phthalate plasticizer, acrylic coatings Benzyl phthalate Butyl benzyl phthalate Polypropylene glycol dibenzoate plasticizer, acrylic latex 2-Pyrrolidone... 

Uses in the manufacturing of acrylic resins for use in paint formulations, industrial coatings and latexes in the manufacturing of plastics, such as ethylene ethyl acrylate in the manufacturing of poly-acrylate elastomers and acrylic rubber in the forming of denture materials water-emulsion vehicle for paints, textiles and paper coatings, leather finishes, resins and adhesives lends flexibility to hard films A... 

A. J. Yu and R. E. Gallagher, Acrylate-Styrene-Acrylonitrile Composition and Method of Making the Same, U.S. Pat. 3,944, 631 (1976). Latex IPN of acrylate elastomer/styrene-acrylonitrile. Latex IPN embedded in linear styrene-acrylonitrile. Rubber-toughened, impact-resistant plastics. 

One method (117) of producing cellular polymers from a variety of latexes uses primarily latexes of carboxylated styrene-butadiene copolymers, although other elastomers such as acrylic elastomers, nitrile rubber, and vinyl polymers can be employed. 

Adhesion. Commercially available one- or two-coat adhesive systems produce cohesive rubber failure in bonds between ethylene-acrylic elastomer and metal (16). Adhesion to nylon, polyester, or aramid fiber cord or fabric is greatest when the cord or fabric have been treated with carboxylated nitrile rubber latex. 

The resins used are polymers and copolymers of the esters of acrylic and methacrylic acids. They range in physical properties from soft elastomers to hard plastics, and are used in cementitious compounds in much the same manner as SBR latex. Acrylics are reported to have better UV stability than SBR latex and therefore remain flexible under exterior exposure conditions longer than SBR latex [88]. 

HMX HMX HMX HMX HMX HMX HMX HMX HMX HMX HMX HMX HNS NTO NTO/HMX NTO/HMX NTO/HMX PETN PETN PETN PETN PETN PETN PETN PETN PETN PETN RDX RDX RDX RDX RDX RDX RDX RDX RDX RDX RDX RDX RDX TATB/HMX Cariflex (thermoplastic elastomer) Hydroxy-terminated polybutadiene (polyurethane) Hydroxy-terminated polyester Kraton (block copolymer of styrene and ethylene-butylene) Nylon (polyamide) Polyester resin-styrene Polyethylene Polyurethane Poly(vinyl) alcohol Poly(vinyl) butyral resin Teflon (polytetrafluoroethylene) Viton (fluoroelastomer) Teflon (polytetrafluoroethylene) Cariflex (block copolymer of butadiene-styrene) Cariflex (block copolymer of butadiene-styrene) Estane (polyester polyurethane copolymer) Hytemp (thermoplastic elastomer) Butyl rubber with acetyl tributylcitrate Epoxy resin-diethylenetriamine Kraton (block copolymer of styrene and ethylene-butylene) Latex with bis-(2-ethylhexyl adipate) Nylon (polyamide) Polyester and styrene copolymer Poly(ethyl acrylate) with dibutyl phthalate Silicone rubber Viton (fluoroelastomer) Teflon (polytetrafluoroethylene) Epoxy ether Exon (polychlorotrifluoroethylene/vinylidine chloride) Hydroxy-terminated polybutadiene (polyurethane) Kel-F (polychlorotrifluoroethylene) Nylon (polyamide) Nylon and aluminium Nitro-fluoroalkyl epoxides Polyacrylate and paraffin Polyamide resin Polyisobutylene/Teflon (polytetrafluoroethylene) Polyester Polystyrene Teflon (polytetrafluoroethylene) Kraton (block copolymer of styrene and ethylene-butylene)... 

Initiators -for acrylamide [ACRYLAMIDE POLYMERS] (Vol 1) -anionic initiators [INITIATORS - ANIONIC INITIATORS] (Voll4) -cationic initiators [INITIATORS - CATIONIC INITIATORS] (Vol 14) -in emulsion polymerization [LATEX TECHNOLOGY] (Vol 15) -for fluorocarbon elastomers [ELASTOMERS, SYNTHETIC - FLUOROCARBON ELASTOMERS] (Vol 8) -Free-radical initiators [INITIATORS - FREE-RADICAL INITIATORS] (Voll4) -organohthium compounds as [LITHIUM AND LITHIUM COMPOUNDS] (Vol 15) -peroxides as [PEROXIDES AND PEROXIDE COMPOUNDS - INORGANIC PEROXIDES] (Vol 18) -for propylene oxide [PROPYLENE OXIDE] (Vol 20) -for PUR polyols [POLYETHERS - PROPYLENE OXIDE POLYMERS] (Vol 19) -of suspension polymerization [ACRYLIC ESTER POLYMERS - SURVEY] (Vol 1)... 

Acrylonitrile resembles VC, a carcinogen, in structure. It is a flammable, explosive liquid (b.p. 77 C, V.P. 80 mm at 20°C). AN is a component of acrylic and modacrylic fibers produced by copolymerization with other monomers, e.g., with methyl acrylate, Me-methacrylate, vinyl acetate, VC and VDC. Other major uses of AN include copolymerizations with butadiene and styrene to produce ABS polymers, and with styrene to yield SAN resins which are used in the manufacture of plastics. Nitrile elastomers and latexes are also made with AN, as are a number of other chemicals, e.g. acrylamide and adiponitrile. Acrylonitrile is also used as a fumigant. 

Latex copolymers including NIBA have found applications in protective coatings, binders for nonwoven fabrics, water and oil repellancy, crease resistance, print pastes, leather finishing, adhesives, paper impregnation, curable thickeners and elastomers. (2B). Comonomers include acrylic and methacrylic esters, acrylo nTtrile, styrene, and occasionally vinyl acetate or vinyl chlorida... 

Chem. Descrip. Aluminum hydroxide CAS 21645-51-2 EINECS/ELINCS 244-492-7 Uses Eiller, flame retardant for polyester resins (SMC, BMC, laminates), epoxy and acrylic resins, crosslinked elastomers (conveyor belts, cables, profiles, molded parts), latexes (wall paper, carpetbacking), thermoplastics and thermoplastic elastomers (PP, PE and copolymers, EVA), PVC... 

O. B. Johnson and S. S. Labana, Thermoset Molding Powders from Hydroxy-Functional Graded Elastomer Particles and Monoblocked Diisocyanate and Molded Article, U.S. Pat. 3,659,003 (1972). Acrylic/methacrylic IPNs. Latex-based, rubber-toughened plastics. 

Waterborne contact adhesives contain an elastomer in latex form, usually an acrylic or neoprene-based latex, and a heat-reactive, cross-linkable phenolic resin in the form of an aqueous dispersion. The phenolic resin improves metal adhesion, green strength, and peel strength at elevated temperature. A typical formulation contains three parts latex and one part phenolic dispersion (dry weight bases). Although metal oxides may be added, reaction of the oxide with the phenolic resin does not occur readily. 

As a homopolymer, poly(ethyl acrylate) is widely used as an elastomer or adhesive, being a polymer with a low Tg, -22°C. As a copolymer with other acrylics it is used as a latex paint. 

Synthetic rubber), for example, acrylate, acrylate-butadiene, butyl, ethylene-propylene, chloroprene, ethylene-propylene diene, latex, neoprene, nitrile-butadiene, polyisobutylene, polysulfide, silicone, styrene-butadiene, styrene-isoprene rubber thermoset vulcanizable elastomers thiol rubber urethane... 

---