Nitrile rubber carboxylated

Elastomers, plastics, fabrics, wood and metals can be joined with themselves and with each other using nitrile rubber/epoxy resin blends cured with amines and/or acidic agents. Ethylene-propylene vulcanizates can also be joined using blends of carboxylated nitrile rubber, epoxy resin and a reactive metal filler (copper, nickel, cobalt). However, one of the largest areas of use of nitrile rubber modified epoxy systems is in the printed circuit board area [12]. 

Polymers can be modified by the introduction of ionic groups [I]. The ionic polymers, also called ionomers, offer great potential in a variety of applications. Ionic rubbers are mostly prepared by metal ion neutralization of acid functionalized rubbers, such as carboxylated styrene-butadiene rubber, carboxylated polybutadiene rubber, and carboxylated nitrile rubber 12-5]. Ionic rubbers under ambient conditions show moderate to high tensile and tear strength and high elongation. The ionic crosslinks are thermolabile and, thus, the materials can be processed just as thermoplastics are processed [6]. 

Bhattacharjee et al. [79] introduced another new catalyst based on a Pd complex containing both acetate and benzoyl pyridine ligands (Table 6). This was developed to hydrogenate liquid carboxylated nitrile rubber (L-XNBR) [80]. Selective hydrogenation of C=C in L-... 

ZnO nanoparticles possess greater surface/volume ratio. When used in carboxylated nitrile rubber as curative, ZnO nanoparticles show excellent mechanical and dynamic mechanical properties [41]. The ultimate tensile strength increases from 6.8 MPa in ordinary rabber grade ZnO-carboxylated nitrile rubber system to 14.9 MPa in nanosized ZnO-carboxylated nitrile mbber without sacrificing the elongation at failure values. Table 4.1 compares these mechanical properties of ordinary and nano-ZnO-carboxylated nitrile rubbers, where the latter system is superior due to more rubber-ZnO interaction at the nanolevel. 

Comparative Mechanical Properties Data on Ordinary ZnO and Nano-ZnO-Filled Carboxylated Nitrile Rubber Systems... 

Blends of carboxylated nitrile rubber (XNBR) with EPDM are likely to provide an attractive combination of properties including oil resistance, heat and ozone resistance, high tensile strength, modulus, and hardness. However, the polar curing ingredients often diffuse from the nonpolar to polar component, thereby producing cure rate mismatch and inferior properties. Three different measures have been used to overcome the cure rate mismatch [29] ... 

Carboxylated nitrile rubber (XNBR), a high-performance elastomer, is remarkable for providing vulcanizates that exhibit enhanced tensile strength, elastic modulus, hardness, and improved resistance to tear, abrasion, and the deleterious action of... 

Carboxylated nitrile rubber X-ray photo-electron spectroscopy X-ray diffraction... 

Later, in 1974, amine reactive versions of the liquid nitrile polymers (ATBN) were issued, thereby offering another way to introduce rubbery segments into a cured epoxy resin network. References are cited which provide detailed discussions of nitrile rubber, carboxylic nitrile rubber and both carboxyl- and amine-terminated nitrile liquid polymers (1-4). Table I illustrates CTBN and ATBN products structurally. Table II provides properties for typical solid carboxylic nitrile elastomers. 

Most of the earlier efforts have been paid in changing the surface character of clay minerals. Albeit the modified clay minerals are fairly compatible with the polar rubber like acrylonitrile butadiene rubber (NBR), carboxylated nitrile rubber (XNBR), chloroprene rubber (CR), etc., its dispersion in nonpolar rubbers like NR, styrene butadiene rubber (SBR), ethylene propylene diene rubber (EPDM), butadiene rubber (BR), etc. is rather unsatisfactory. Figure 8.3(a) and (b) display the state of dispersion of organomodified... 

Relatively small amounts of acrylic acid can be used in the monomer polymerization mix to give carboxylated nitrile rubber (X-NBR), whose polymer chains have carboxylic-acid side groups. 

PA-6/carboxylated nitrile rubber TSE/DMTA/TEM/effects of carboxylation level on blend properties/rubber cmed during mixing Chowdhury et al. 2007... 

Carboxylated nitrile rubber Zn ionomer (90-50)/EAA Zn ionomer (10-50) Physical properties vs. blends of non-ionomeric polymers/FTIR/DMA/also use of recycle Antony et al. 2000... 

Lopattananon et al. (2007) have prepared blends of maleated natural rubber and carboxylated nitrile rubber in the presence of zinc acetate to form a compatibilizing copolymer through ionic cross-links. The effect of different maleation levels was studied. Blend properties were compared to those for blends with unfunctionalized rubbers. 

One of the first approaches was to use a blend of liquid reactive rubbers and the much higher molecular weight elastomer (carboxylated nitrile rubber). This led to a bimodal distribution of the precipitated secondary phase, which was seen as a distinct improvement over either the elastomer or the RLP on its own. 

Sahoo, S., Bhowmick, A.K. Influence of ZnO nanoparticles on the cure characteristics and mechanical properties of carboxylate nitrile rubber. J. AppL Polym. ScL 106, 3077-3083 (2007)... 

R.L. Sala, T.M. Arantes, E. Longo, E.R. Leite, C.M. Paranhos, E.R. Camargo, Evaluation of modified silica nanoparticles in carboxylated nitrile rubber nanocomposites. Colloids and Surfaces A Physicochemical and Engineering Aspects, ISSN 0927-7757 462 (November 20, 2014)45-51. http //dx.doi.Org/10.1016/j.colsurfa.2014.08.012. 

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