Fluorinated acrylates

Trifunctional (meth)acrylate fluorine-containing cyclic and acyclic silane compounds have been prepared that form photocurable resin compositions. Coatings from these resins are anti-fouling and resist organic stains from oil mist and fingerprints without detracting from surface mar resistance. 

Poly(acrylates) and (alkyl acrylates) - Fluorinated acrylics are inherently photostable while the vacuum UV photolysis of PMMA results in de-esterification and double bond formation ". The stereostructure of PMMA also has an important influence on the product distribution. X-Ray and UV exposure of PMMA was fingerprinted via FT NMR analysis. ... 

Foraperk . [Atocdiem N. Am.] Acrylic fluorinated resin blends used fix finishing and protection of leathers, in shoe p(dishes. 

The visor is a key component of any chemical splash suit. Not only mustthe visor material withstand the effects ofthe chemicals and maintain good visibility, but a good seal between the visor and the suit is essential and the seal to the fabric portion of the suit should be checked frequently. Normally visors are made ofmaterials such as polycarbonates, acrylics, fluorinated ethylene propylene (FEP), and clear poly vinyl chloride. The first two of these are subject to crazing upon contact with some chemicals. Covering these two types of material with a thin layer of FEP is sometimes done to protect them. 

Commercial implementation of emulsion polymerization is mostly carried out in stirred-tank reactors operated semicontinuously. Continuous stirred-tank reactors (CSTRs) are used for the production of some high-tonnage emulsion polymers such as SBR. Batch processes are only used to polymerize monomers with similar reactivities and low heat generation rate (e.g., acrylic-fluorinated copolymers for textile apphcations). 

Other examples involving PDMS as one of the networks involve epox-ies 138,139 cellulose acetate butyrate,polycarbonate,poly(vinyl al-cohol), acrylates, fluorinated acrylate, N-vinyl-2-pyrrolidone, and methacrylate/acrylamides. ... 

With some hydrocarbon-type repellents, a synergistic effect has been observed. De Marco et al. [58,59] found that a pyridinium-type repellant, stearoy-loxymethylpyridinium chloride, has a synergistic effect when coapplied with an acrylic fluorinated copolymer and a poly(octyl methacrylate). 

Many synthetic latices exist (7,8) (see Elastomers, synthetic). They contain butadiene and styrene copolymers (elastomeric), styrene—butadiene copolymers (resinous), butadiene and acrylonitrile copolymers, butadiene with styrene and acrylonitrile, chloroprene copolymers, methacrylate and acrylate ester copolymers, vinyl acetate copolymers, vinyl and vinyUdene chloride copolymers, ethylene copolymers, fluorinated copolymers, acrylamide copolymers, styrene—acrolein copolymers, and pyrrole and pyrrole copolymers. Many of these latices also have carboxylated versions. 

Chemical Hazards. Chemical manufacturers and employees contend with various ha2ards inherent ia productioa of evea commonplace materials. For example, some catalysts used ia the manufacture of polyethylene (see Olefin polymers) ignite when exposed to air or explode if allowed to become too warm the basic ingredient ia fluorocarboa polymers, eg, Tefloa (see Fluorine compounds, organic), can become violently self-reactive if overheated or contaminated with caustic substances (45,46) one of the raw materials for the manufacture of acryflc fibers (see Fibers, acrylic) is the highly toxic hydrogen cyanide (see Cyanides). 

Mihtary interest in the development of fuel and thermal resistant elastomers for low temperature service created a need for fluorinated elastomers. In the early 1950s, the M. W. Kellogg Co. in a joint project with the U.S. Army Quartermaster Corps, and 3M in a joint project with the U.S. Air Force, developed two commercial fluorocarbon elastomers. The copolymers of vinyUdene fluoride, CF2=CH2, and chlorotrifluoroethylene, CF2=CFC1, became available from Kellogg in 1955 under the trademark of Kel-F (1-3) (see Fluorine compounds, ORGANic-POLYcm.OROTRiFLUOROETHYLENE Poly(vinylidene) fluoride). In 1956, 3M introduced a polymer based on poly(l,l-dihydroperfluorobutyl acrylate) trademarked 3M Brand Fluorombber 1F4 (4). The poor balance of acid, steam, and heat resistance of the latter elastomer limited its commercial use. 

Four fluorinated acrylates are presented in Table 4 [66, 67, 68, 69] to supplement the vmyl fluoride data Perfluoroacrylic acid [70] and methyl per-fluoroaciylate [69, 70] are both reported m the literature. The cts and trans isomers of fluoroethylenes are readily distinguished by the magnitude of their couphng constants, with trans typically more than 3 times the magnitude of cis... 

Fluorine cannot be used, although trifluoroketones can be cleaved into carboxylate and trifluoromethane. The haloform reaction can be conducted under mild conditions—at temperatures ranging from 0-10 °C—in good yields even a sensitive starting material like methylvinylketone can be converted into acrylic acid in good yield. 

Acetylene works Acrylates works Aldehyde works Aluminum works Amines works Ammonia works Anhydride works Arsenic works Asbestos works Benzene works Beryllium works Bisulfate works Bromine works Cadmium works Carbon disulfide works Carbonyl works Caustic soda works Cement works Ceramic works Chemical fertilizer works Chlorine works Chromium works Copper works Di-isocyanate works Electricity works Fiber works Fluorine works Gas liquor works Gas and coke works Hydrochloric acid works Hydrofluoric acid works Hydrogen cyanide works Incineration works Iron works and steel works... 

A variety of ionomers have been described in the research literature, including copolymers of a) styrene with acrylic acid, b) ethyl acrylate with methacrylic acid, and (c) ethylene with methacrylic acid. A relatively recent development has been that of fluorinated sulfonate ionomers known as Nafions, a trade name of the Du Pont company. These ionomers have the general structure illustrated (10.1) and are used commercially as membranes. These ionomers are made by copolymerisation of the hydrocarbon or fluorocarbon monomers with minor amounts of the appropriate acid or ester. Copolymerisation is followed by either neutralisation or hydrolysis with a base, a process that may be carried out either in solution or in the melt. 

There are several new methodologies based on the Julia olefination reaction. For example, 2-(benzo[t/Jthiazol-2-ylsulfonyl)-j -methoxy-i -methylacetamide 178, prepared in two steps from 2-chloro-iV-methoxy-jV-methylacetamide, reacts with a variety of aldehydes in the presence of sodium hydride to furnish the ajl-unsaturated Weinreb amides 179 <06EJOC2851>. An efficient synthesis of fluorinated olefins 182 features the Julia olefination of aldehydes or ketones with a-fluoro l,3-benzothiazol-2-yl sulfones 181, readily available from l,3-benzothiazol-2-yl sulfones 180 via electrophilic fluorination <06OL1553>. A similar strategy has been applied to the synthesis of a-fluoro acrylates 185 <06OL4457>. 

Macromolecules have also been specifically designed and synthesized for use as emulsifiers for lipophilic materials and as stabilizers in the colloidal dispersion of lipophilic, hydrocarbon polymers in C02. We have demonstrated the amphiphilicity of fluorinated acrylate homopolymers, such as PFOA, which contain a lipophilic, acrylate like backbone and C02-philic, fluorinated side chains (see Fig. 3) [103]. It has been demonstrated that a homopolymer which physically adsorbs to the surface of a polymer colloid prevents agglomeration by the presence of loops and tails (see Fig. 4) [113]. The synthesis of this type of... 

The Lewis acidity and reactivity of these alkyl aluminum cocatalysts and activators with Lewis basic polar monomers such as acrylates make them impractical components in the copolymerization of ethylene with acrylates. To address this shortcoming, Brookhart et al. developed well-defined cationic species such as that shown in Fig. 2, in which the counterion (not illustrated) was the now-ubiquitous fluorinated arylborate family [34] such as tetrakis(pentaflurophenyl)borate. At very low methyl acrylate levels the nickel catalysts gave linear copolymers but with near-zero levels of acrylate incorporation. 

The cationic Pd(II) catalysts exhibit effective copolymerizations of ethylene and other a-olefins with polar-functionalized comonomers, with the majority of insertions occurring at the ends of branches. Among the best tolerated monomers are those bearing fluorine or oxygen-containing functionalities, such as esters, ketones, and ethers. The copolymerization of ethylene and acrylates, attractive because the monomers are inexpensive and the copolymers exhibit unique physical properties, has been well-studied mechanistically [27,69], Examples of copolymerizations of ethylene and a-olefins with methyl acrylate are shown in Table 4. In general, the amount of comonomer incorporation varies linearly with its reaction concentration and... 

Herein we present the synthesis of two series of fluorinated acrylate polymers and copolymers derived from commercially available hexafluoro-2-hydroxy-2(4-fluorophenyl)propane. The solubility, film-forming ability, thermal stability, and water absorption in these polymers have been studied. 

Four new fluorinated acrylic or methacrylic monomers were readily accessible using the commercially available HFAF as a means of introducing 6F groups into the monomers. Its reaction with acryloyl or metacryloyl chloride, as shown in Figure 1.1, gave the new monomers I. 

Synthesis and Structure-Property Relationships of Lo w-Dielectric-C onstant Fluorinated Poly acrylates ... 

Very recently we8 reported on a class of processable heavily fluorinated acrylic resins that exhibit dielectric constants as low as 2.10, very close to the minimum known values. In this chapter we report on the preparation of a series of processable heavily fluorinated acrylic and methacrylic homo- and copolymers that exhibit dielectric constants as low as 2.06, and the factors that affect the reduction of dielectric constant from structure-property relationships is elucidated.9... 

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