ACROLEIN COPOLYMER

Many synthetic latices exist (7,8) (see Elastomers, synthetic). They contain butadiene and styrene copolymers (elastomeric), styrene—butadiene copolymers (resinous), butadiene and acrylonitrile copolymers, butadiene with styrene and acrylonitrile, chloroprene copolymers, methacrylate and acrylate ester copolymers, vinyl acetate copolymers, vinyl and vinyUdene chloride copolymers, ethylene copolymers, fluorinated copolymers, acrylamide copolymers, styrene—acrolein copolymers, and pyrrole and pyrrole copolymers. Many of these latices also have carboxylated versions. 

Another route to the formation of a hydrazide on a surface is to use an aldehyde-containing particle (such as HEMA/acrolein copolymers) and subsequently modify the aldehydes to form hydrazone linkages with bis-hydrazide compounds, which then can be stabilized by reduction with sodium cyanoborohydride (Chapter 2, Section 5). The resulting derivative contains terminal hydrazides for immobilization of carbonyl ligands (see Figure 14.18). 

When ethylene-acrolein copolymers were irradiated at —196° C, a singlet spectrum (g — 2.001) due to acyl radicals... 

Sodium acrylates/acrolein copolymer Sodium acrylates copolymer... 

Although they lack commercial importance, many other poly(vinyl acetal)s have been synthesized. These include acetals made from vinyl acetate copolymerized with ethylene (43—46), propjiene (47), isobutjiene (47), acrylonitrile (48), acrolein (49), acrylates (50,47), aHyl ether (51), divinyl ether (52), maleates (53,54), vinyl chloride (55), diaHyl phthalate (56), and starch (graft copolymer) (47). 

It has been shown by Schulz and Kern2 J that the radical polymerization of acrolein can take the course of the 1,2-mechanism as well as that of the 1,4- or 3,4-mechanism leading to formylethylene, oxy-2-propenylene, or oxy-2-propenylidene units, respectively. This behaviour of acrolein and its derivatives seems to be also retained to a certain extent, in the radical copolymerization of 4 with AN causing a decrease fo the content of aldehyde groups in the copolymers. 

The reduction of PAN according to Stephen in dioxane at 60 to 100 °C made it possible, practically without any side reactions, to obtain modified PAN derivatives whose composition is close to that of copolymers from AN and acrolein. 

Chang, M., Colvin, M., and Rembaum, A. (1986) Acrolein and 2-hydroxyethyl methacrylate copolymer microspheres. /. Polym. Sci. Part C Polym. Lett. 24, 603-606. 

Copolymers with only short acrolein blocks can by synthesized. In these conditions, the formation of homopolyacrolelns can be avoided (differences between the PAI3 and the chromatograms Figures 1 and 7). In fact, it would better to define this approach as functionalization rather than block polymer synthesis. 

Acrylic acid [79-10-7] - [AIR POLLUTION] (Vol 1) - [ALDEHYDES] (Vol 1) - [ALLYL ALCOHOL AND MONOALLYL DERIVATIVES] (Vol 2) - [MALEIC ANHYDRIDE, MALEIC ACID AND FUMARIC ACID] (Vol 15) - [POLYESTERS, UNSATURATED] (Vol 19) - [FLOCCULATING AGENTS] (Vol 11) - [CARBOXYLICACIDS - SURVEY] (Vol 5) -from acetylene [ACETYLENE-DERIVED CHEMICALS] (Vol 1) -from acrolein [ACROLEIN AND DERIVATIVES] (Vol 1) -acrylic esters from [ACRYLIC ESTER P OLYMERS - SURVEY] (Vol 1) -from carbon monoxide [CARBON MONOXIDE] (Vol 5) -C-21 dicarboxylic acids from piCARBOXYLIC ACIDS] (Vol 8) -decomposition product [MAT. ETC ANHYDRIDE, MALEIC ACID AND FUMARIC ACID] (Vol 15) -economic data [CARBOXYLIC ACIDS - ECONOMIC ASPECTS] (Vol 5) -ethylene copolymers [IONOMERS] (Vol 14) -in floor polishes [POLISHES] (Vol 19) -in manufacture of ion-exchange resins [ION EXCHANGE] (V ol 14) -in methacrylate copolymers [METHACRYLIC POLYMERS] (Vol 16) -in papermaking [PAPERMAKING ADDITIVES] (Vol 18)... 

Zitting A, Heinonen T. 1980. Decrease of reduced glutathione in isolated rat hepatocytes caused by acrolein, acrylonitrile and the thermal degradation products of styrene copolymers. Toxicology 17 333-342. 

A number of terpolymers (Table 6) and of blends of copolymers (Table 7) have been investigated in an attempt to pool beneficial properties of two different comonomers. Thus, VBr was combined with MMA, MA or VA to improve the oxygen permeation (cf. Sect. 2.2.2). arMethylstyrene (aMSty), as well as acrolein, were used... 

CO, COi, propene, isobutene, dimethyl ketene, acrolein, allyl alcohol, toluene, styrene, a-methylstyrene, ethylbenzene, glycidol, glycidylmethacrylate product distribution depends on copolymer composition... 

VdC/EA/MMA teipolymer (latex) Vinyl chloride/vinyl acetate copolymer Vinylidene chloride Vinylidene chloride/vinyl chloride copolymer Formaldehyde Vinyl chloride Epichlorbhydrin Polyvinyl chloride (latex) Polyvinyl chloride (general) Thermoplastic polyurethane Polycarbonate (flame resistant) Polyurethane flexible foam Polycarbonate (general) Polyurethane rigid foam Acrolein MDI Phosgene TDI... 

Recently [48a] it was reported that Diels-Alder adducts of butadiene with acrylonitrile, acrylamide, methyl methacrylate, acrylic acid, acrolein, and N-phenylmaleimide formed alternating copolymers with SO2. No copolymers were formed from butadiene/maleic anhydride adducts. As the temperature increased the yield decreased. The group on the cyclohexane ring had a considerable effect on the reactivity. 

Among such oxidations, note that liquid-phase oxidations of solid paraffins in the presence of heterogeneous and colloidal forms of manganese are accompanied by a substantial increase (compared with homogeneous catalysis) in acid yield [3]. The effectiveness of n-paraffin oxidations by Co(III) macrocomplexes is high, but the selectivity is low the ratio between fatty acids, esters, ketones and alcohols is 3 3 3 1. Liquid-phase oxidations of paraffins proceed in the presence of Cu(II) and Mn(II) complexes boimd with copolymers of vinyl ether, P-pinene and maleic anhydride (Amberlite IRS-50) [130]. Oxidations of both linear and cyclic olefins have been studied more intensively. Oxidations of linear olefins proceed by a free-radical mechanism the accumulation of epoxides, ROOH, RCHO, ketones and RCOOH in the course of the reaction testifies to the chain character of these reactions. The main requirement for these processes is selectivity non-catalytic oxidation of propylene (at 423 K) results in the formation of more than 20 products. Acrylic acid is obtained by oxidation of propylene (in water at 338 K) in the presence of catalyst by two steps at first to acrolein, then to the acid with a selectivity up to 91%. Oxidation of ethylene by oxygen at 383 K in acetic acid in... 

Entrapment in polyacrylamide gel over a platinum grid matrix Glutaraldehyde-mediated reaction with a nylon-polyethyleneimine copolymer Reaction with macroporous aminated silo chrome coated with an acrolein-vinylpyridine copolymer Adsorption onto tannin coupled to amino hex y 1-cellulo se Entrapment in cellulose fibres Carbodi-imide-mediated reaction with chitosan... 

Papers concerning the physical properties of polymers as the guest components in urea inclusion compounds and polymerization reactions of guest monomer molecules within the urea tunnel structure have been reviewed elsewhere. The polymers studied included poly (ethylene), poly (acrylonitrile), poly (1,3-butadiene), poly(eth-ylene oxide), poly(tetrahydrofiiran), poly(acrolein), poly(vinyl chloride), poly(ethyl acrylate), poly(lactide), poIy(lactic acid), poly(ethylene adipate). poly(ethylene succinate), acrylonitrile-ethyl acrylate copolymer, and poly(hexanediol di acrylate). 

Acraconc BN, Acraconc LV-5, Acraconc WC. See Polyacrylic acid Acrafix MA. See Melamine-formaldehyde resin Acraldehyde. See Acrolein Acralen BS. See Acrylonitiile/butadiene/styrene copolymer... 

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