Containers 1,3-butadiene

Methylfuran, irradiated in the presence of mercury vapor, gave carbon monoxide and a fraction containing 1,3-butadiene and 3-methylcyclopropene (45 55) (67JA1758). Subsequently, it was found that in both sensitized and direct photolysis of 2-methylfuran a more complex mixture of products was obtained, where 3-methylfuran was present (Scheme 5) (68JA2720 70JPC574). 3-Methylfuran was the only product when 2-methylfuran was irradiated in diethyl ether (68JA2720). 

Sankaran, V, Marvel, C. S. (1979). Polyaromatic Ester-Ketone-Sulfones Containing 1,3-Butadiene Units J. Polymer Sci. Polymer Chem. Ed, 17(12), 3943-3957. 

We also consider new achievements in some classical cycloaddition reactions such as the Diels-Alder condensation with acetylenic dienophiles, [2-1-2] cycloadditions with acetylene component leading to creation of cyclobutene ring, and new results in cyclobutene syntheses by [2-1-2] acyclization of phosphorus containing 1,3-butadiene derivatives synthesized starting with propargyl-type alcohols. 

Many synthetic latices exist (7,8) (see Elastomers, synthetic). They contain butadiene and styrene copolymers (elastomeric), styrene—butadiene copolymers (resinous), butadiene and acrylonitrile copolymers, butadiene with styrene and acrylonitrile, chloroprene copolymers, methacrylate and acrylate ester copolymers, vinyl acetate copolymers, vinyl and vinyUdene chloride copolymers, ethylene copolymers, fluorinated copolymers, acrylamide copolymers, styrene—acrolein copolymers, and pyrrole and pyrrole copolymers. Many of these latices also have carboxylated versions. 

In commercial extraction operations, the fractions that contain butadiene, isobutene, and 1- and 2-butenes usually first go through a butadiene extraction unit in which the butadiene is removed. This may be followed by isobutylene removal via reaction between isobutylene and methanol to form methyl /-butyl ether [1634-04-4] (MTBE). The butenes are then distilled from the MTBE. 1-Butene may then be separated from 2-butene by distillation. 

Butadiene reacts readily with oxygen to form polymeric peroxides, which are not very soluble in Hquid butadiene and tend to setde at the bottom of the container because of their higher density. The peroxides are shock sensitive therefore it is imperative to exclude any source of oxygen from butadiene. Addition of antioxidants like /-butylcatechol (TBC) or butylated hydroxy toluene (BHT) removes free radicals that can cause rapid exothermic polymerizations. Butadiene shipments now routinely contain about 100 ppm TBC. Before use, the inhibitor can easily be removed (247,248). Inert gas, such as nitrogen, can also be used to blanket contained butadiene (249). 

Exception No. 1 Group D equipment shall be permitted to be used for atmospheres containing butadiene if such equipment is isolated in accordance with Section 501-5(a) by sealing all conduit /2-in. size or larger. 

Styrene-butadiene-styrene (SBS) block copolymers are adequate raw materials to produce thermoplastic mbbers (TRs). SBS contains butadiene—soft and elastic—and styrene— hard and tough—domains. Because the styrene domains act as cross-links, vulcanization is not necessary to provide dimensional stability. TRs generally contain polystyrene (to impart hardness), plasticizers, fillers, and antioxidants processing oils can also be added. Due to their nature, TR soles show low surface energy, and to reach proper adhesion a surface modification is always needed. 

Butadiene is used primarily in the production of synthetic rubbers, including styrene-butadiene rubber (SBR), polybutadiene nibber (BR), styrene-butadiene latex (SBL), chloroprene rubber (CR) and nitrile rubber (NR). Important plastics containing butadiene as a monomeric component are shock-resistant polystyrene, a two-phase system consisting of polystyrene and polybutadiene ABS polymers consisting of acrylonitrile, butadiene and styrene and a copolymer of methyl methacrylate, butadiene and styrene (MBS), which is used as a modifier for poly(vinyl chloride). It is also used as an intermediate in the production of chloroprene, adiponitrile and other basic petrochemicals. The worldwide use pattern for butadiene in 1981 was as follows (%) SBR + SBL, 56 BR, 22 CR, 6 NR, 4 ABS, 4 hexamethylenediamine, 4 other, 4. The use pattern for butadiene in the United States in 1995 was (%) SBR, 31 BR, 24 SBL, 13 CR, 4 ABS, 5 NR, 2 adiponitrile, 12 and other, 9 (Anon., 1996b). 

Potential exposure to butadiene can occur in the following industrial activities petroleum refining and related operations (production of C4 fractions containing butadiene, and production and distribution of gasoline), production of purified butadiene monomer, production of various butadiene-based rubber and plastics polymers and other derivatives, and manufacture of rubber and plastics products (tyres, hoses and a variety of moulded objects). 

Hot dissolution modifies the chemical structure of the graft copolymer. It is true that polymers containing butadiene are very thermosensitive, but the conditions of transformation from to y are slight enough to exclude this hypothesis. 

A replacement reaction that produces a bridged complex containing butadiene occurs when gaseous butadiene reacts with a solution of K2[PtCl4]. Butadiene has two double bonds, so it can function as a bridging ligand by bonding to two metals simultaneously ... 

The bottoms stream from this column is stripped free of butenes in the top half of the rectifier (2). A side stream containing butadiene and a small amount of acetylenic compounds (vinyl and ethyl-acetylene) is withdrawn from the rectifier and fed into the second extractive distillation column (3). 

Halogenation of hexaphenylstannole with Bt2 or I2 leads to the opening of the heterocycle with the formation of tin-containing butadienes 120 and 121 instead of substitution of at least one of the phenyl groups at the tin atom <2001HAC349>. 

The physical significance attached to the a1 and a2 dimensions in this study is identical to that which we obtained for a series of MBAS impact plastics (2) containing butadiene rubber where rubber latex particle size was determined independently. We found that both laser light scattering and electron microscopy results agreed. 

A rectification zone in which the dissolved bntenes fraction is displaced from the solvent in countercurrent flow with butadiene t apdr, which is obtain by controlled reboiling of the extract. These butenes, which contain butadiene, are returned to the absorption zone. A sidestream is drawn off at a level where the olefin content is practically nil, the acenlene content low, and the 1,3-butadiene content a maximum. Separation takes place in a column with about 45 travs operatins at the bottom around 75 C at 0.7. 10 Pa. 

A cylinder containing butadiene exploded in a research laboratory, killing one employee. The cylinder had been used to supply butadiene to a pilot plant. When butadiene gas was required, heat was supplied to the cylinder to raise the pressure of the butadiene in the tank. The maximum temperature that could be achieved in the tank on subsequent tests with a like tank was 160°C. At 152°C, the critical temperature for butadiene, the pressure is 628 Ibf/in., less than one-half of the pressure required to rupture the tank by hydraulic test. 

The structure is similar to SBR, in that they contain butadiene isomers (2), (3) and... 

The mutual y-irradiation of viscose rayon immersed in a methanol solution containing butadiene and acrylonitrile at 30° C yields ungrafted... 

Fresh n-butane feed is combined with recycle feed from a butadiene extraction unit. The total feed is then vaporized and raised to reaction temperature in a charge heater (1) and fed to the reactors (2). Reaction takes place at vacuum conditions to maximize n-butane conversion and butadiene selectivity. The reactor effluent gas is quenched with circulating oil, compressed (3) and sent to the recovery section (4), where inert gases, hydrogen and light hydrocarbons are separated from the compressed reactor effluent. Condensed liquid from the recovery section is sent to a depropanizer (5), where propane and lighter components are separated from the C s. The bottoms stream, containing butadiene, n-butenes and n-butane, is sent to an OSBL butadiene extraction unit, which recovers butadiene product and recycles n-butenes and n-butane back to the CATADIENE reactors. 

Mixed C4 streams, containing butadiene, butenes, and butanes, are co-produced in steam-cracking processes. These streams contain valuable components, which can be either processed in situ or extracted purely. A typical composition of a steam-cracker C4 cut is shown in Fig. 3.1. Maximizing its value is a major objective for most petrochemical companies. Therefore, a variety of techniques exists for upgrading the C4 streams by removal of pure C4 components and conversion of low-value streams to higher-value products. 

N.S.S. Kumar, S. Abraham, K.V. Ratheesh, N. Tamaoki, S. Purumi, S. Das, Indane-1,3-Dione and cholesterol containing butadiene derivatives photoresponsive liquid crystalline glasses for imaging applications. J. Photochem. Photobiol. A Chem 207, 73-78 (2009)... 

From about 1980, there have been extensive investigations of the shear viscosity of rubber-carbon black compounds and related filled polymer melts. Yield values in polystyrene-carbon black compounds in shear flow were found by Lobe and vhiite [L15] in 1979 and by Tanaka and White [Tl] in 1980 for polystyrene with calcium carbonate and titanium dioxide as well as carbon black. From 1982, White and coworkers found yield values in compounds containing butadiene-styrene copolymer [Ml, M37, S12, S18, T7, W29], polyiso-prene [M33, M37, S12, S18], polychloroprene [S18], and ethylene-propylene terpolymer [OlO, S18]. Typical shear viscosity-shear stress data for rubber-carbon black compounds are shown in Figs. 5(a) and (b). White et al. [S12, S18, W28] fit these data with both Eq. (56) and die expression... 

BM-400B, a binder for negative electrodes, is a water dispersion system that contains fine SBR gel particles ( 130 nm diameter) and a small amount of gel-particle polymer (>130 nm diameter) (Fig. 7.1). These two polymers are elastomer-containing butadiene. 

A major deficiency of PVC for many applications (for example in the building industry) is its poor resistance to impact. Consequently it became a common practice during the 1970s to incorporate rubber-based modifiers such as ABS, MRS, and MARS to improve the toughness of PVC. In this particular respect, they were very successful and much higher levels of initial impact resistance were achieved. However, PVC impact modifiers all contain butadiene segments which are oxidatively very unstable, particularly at high temperatures and in... 

Section 13.1 Solution polymerised mbbers containing butadiene - Section 13.7... 

BAT for the production of solution polymerised rubbers containing butadiene. 

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