Copolymer linear

It is apparent from items (l)-(3) above that linear copolymers-even those with the same proportions of different kinds of repeat units-can be very different in structure and properties. In classifying a copolymer as random, alternating, or block, it should be realized that we are describing the average character of the molecule accidental variations from the basic patterns may be present. In Chap. 7 we shall see how an experimental investigation of the sequence of repeat units in a copolymer is a valuable tool for understanding copolymerization reactions. This type of information along with other details of structure are collectively known as the microstructure of a polymer. 

Pseudo-Kinetic Rate Constant Method for Linear Copolymer... 

This closure property is also inherent to a set of differential equations for arbitrary sequences Uk in macromolecules of linear copolymers as well as for analogous fragments in branched polymers. Hence, in principle, the kinetic method enables the determination of statistical characteristics of the chemical structure of noncyclic polymers, provided the Flory principle holds for all the chemical reactions involved in their synthesis. It is essential here that the Flory principle is meant not in its original version but in the extended one [2]. Hence under mathematical modeling the employment of the kinetic models of macro-molecular reactions where the violation of ideality is connected only with the short-range effects will not create new fundamental problems as compared with ideal models. 

The Lewis acidity and reactivity of these alkyl aluminum cocatalysts and activators with Lewis basic polar monomers such as acrylates make them impractical components in the copolymerization of ethylene with acrylates. To address this shortcoming, Brookhart et al. developed well-defined cationic species such as that shown in Fig. 2, in which the counterion (not illustrated) was the now-ubiquitous fluorinated arylborate family [34] such as tetrakis(pentaflurophenyl)borate. At very low methyl acrylate levels the nickel catalysts gave linear copolymers but with near-zero levels of acrylate incorporation. 

Only recently (2002) have the very first examples of the transition metal-catalyzed incorporation of acrylate monomers into linear polyethylene been demonstrated. In our opinion the most notable report is that of Drent and coworkers [48] who describe the use of a neutral palladium catalyst with a chelating P-O ligand to generate linear copolymers that included the incorporation of acrylate monomers (Drent s catalyst and proposed catalytic cycle are shown in Scheme 2). In these early results, there was only minor acrylate incorporation (limited to some 3-17 mol%) and the resulting polymers were of very low molecular weight (Mn 4000-15,000). 

Conversions of about 80% were obtained within a few minutes at 90°C. The polymer could also be cleaved by cross-metathesis with an excess of 4-octene which gave, as the main product, 9-tridecenyl-7-undecenoate, thus confirming the structure assignment as indicated in Eq. (62). The unsaturated lactone was also copolymerized with cyclooctene, 1,5-cy-clooctadiene, and cyclopentene under the previously stated conditions to afford linear copolymers which were high molecular weight, unsaturated, rubbery polyesters (110). 

Free radical alternating 1 1 copolymerization of donor-acceptor monomer systems has been known for quite some time. Linear copolymers from donor-acceptor systems... 

Chondroitin sulfates (CS) are ubiquitous components of extracellular matrices of all connective tissues such as the artery and tendon and exhibit a variety of biological functions. They are linear copolymers made up of dimeric units composed of glucuronic acid and N-acetyl galactosamine. The first biological investigation... 

Linear combination of atomic orbitals (LCAO) method, 16 736 Linear condensation, in silanol polycondensation, 22 557-558 Linear congruential generator (LCG), 26 1002-1003 Linear copolymers, 7 610t Linear density, 19 742 of fibers, 11 166, 182 Linear dielectrics, 11 91 Linear elastic fracture mechanics (LEFM), 1 509-510 16 184 20 350 Linear ethoxylates, 23 537 Linear ethylene copolymers, 20 179-180 Linear-flow reactor (LFR) polymerization process, 23 394, 395, 396 Linear free energy relationship (LFER) methods, 16 753, 754 Linear higher a-olefins, 20 429 Linear internal olefins (LIOs), 17 724 Linear ion traps, 15 662 Linear kinetics, 9 612 Linear low density polyethylene (LLDPE), 10 596 17 724-725 20 179-211 24 267, 268. See also LLDPE entries a-olefin content in, 20 185-186 analytical and test methods for,... 

Block copolymer is a linear copolymer that contains long chain of one monomer with another monomer in the... 

Hybridization of Architectural States Dendritic-linear Copolymer Hybrids... 

In naming non-linear copolymer molecules comprising linear subchains of the same monomeric units in a single type of skeletal structure, the italicized prefix for the skeletal structure is placed before the source-based name of the constituent linear subchains. In the case of star macromolecules with block copolymer arms, the block named first after the prefix emanates from the branch point. 

In naming non-linear copolymer molecules having linear subchains of two or more types, the italicized connective for the skeletal structure is placed between the source-based names of the types of constituent linear subchains. In the case of branched and comb-like macromolecules, the linear chain named before the connective is that which forms the main chain, whereas that (those) named after the connective forms (form) the side-chain(s). The names of different species of side-chain are separated by semicolons. In the case of variegated star macromolecules the prefix is placed before the name of the macromolecule with the different species of arms separated by semicolons. 

Block and graft copolymers differ from the other copolymers in that there are long sequences of each monomer in the copolymer chain. A block copolymer is a linear copolymer with one or more long uninterrupted sequences of each polymeric species,... 

In this paper, typical linear homopolymers and linear copolymers (as shown in Figures 1 and 2, respectively) exemplify single and complex polymers. 

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