Woodstoves

Unvented kerosene and gas space heaters leaking chimneys and furnaces back-drafting from furnaces, gas water heaters, woodstoves, and fireplaces automobile exhaust from attached garages environmental tobacco smoke. Humans are normally the main indoor source of carbon dioxide. Unvented or imperfectly vented combustion appliances can also increase indoor COj concentrations. 

Emission Inventory scaling, proposed by (24), uses the relative emission rates of two source types subject to approximately the same dispersion factor (e.g., residential heating by woodstoves and natural gas) to approximate the source contribution from the source type not included in the chemical mass balance (e.g., natural gas combustion). The ratio of the emission rates is multiplied by the contribution of the source type which was included in the balance. 

Vikelsoe J, Madsen H, Hansen K. 1994. Emission of dioxins from Danish woodstoves. Chemosphere 29(9-11) 2019-2027. 

The low organic emissions from steady state combustion at power plants should not be extrapolated to small scale units such as woodstoves where the necessary conditions for efficient combustion are rarely achieved. 

If you like, you can collect potassium carbonate the old way by leaching it from wood ashes (especially oak wood, grape vine, and fern ash.) This will give you something to do with all those ashes you clean out of your fireplace or woodstove. Just scoop them out and place them into a large plastic bucket. Pour clean water over them (tap water is fine) stir and let settle. Pour off the clear liquid from the top, filter and evaporate the water. Be careful, because it is quite caustic and can bum the skin and seriously injure your eyes. It is like lye (in fact it is lye) and they used to make soap this way. 

With few exceptions, it was not until the 1980s when major advances were made in woodstoves in response to government mandates to reduce pollution. 

Long and Weaver (1985). The efficiency does not include a correction for moisture content. When adjustments are made for moisture, the efficiency of the average airtight woodstove or fireplace for wood fuel with 20% moisture, for example, would be 50% rather than 63%, or 10% rather than 13%. 

TABLE 7.5 Comparison of Emissions from Catalytic and Noncatalytic Woodstoves"... 

The Similar Mixture Approach On a case by case basis a candidate mixture or groups of mixtures could act similarly [1,11], Analogies are used when adequate information is not available for the mixture of concern, and this approach is often applied to complex mixtures that have been extensively investigated, such as coke oven emissions, diesel exhaust, and woodstove emissions. However, information should be available to ascertain that a mixture is sufficiently similar to the mixture of concern. There are no quantitative criteria to decide when a mixture is sufficiently similar, though it is recognized that some key components should be represented in similar proportions [1]. As in the previous approach, the mixture must be treated as an individual chemical because the whole mixture has to be experimentally tested to some extent. 

Sediment samples were collected using a grab sampler (which samples approximately the top 10 cm) aboard Old Dominion University s research vessels, ODU-1 and Linwood Hoi Con. The sample locations are shown In Figure 1. The samples were stored frozen In clean, solvent-washed jars until analyzed. Creosoted wood samples were collected from areas adjacent to the Elizabeth River (Figure 1). Three samples of refined creosote and one sample of coal tar were also analyzed. Creosote samples from Atlantic Wood Industries, the remaining operative creosotlng facility on the Elizabeth River, were not available. The woodstove soot sample was obtained from a domestic woodstove in which predominantly hardwoods were burned. 

Effects of Appliance Type and Operating Variables on Woodstove Emissions... 

Catalysts in thin-wall honeycomb form offer the advantages of low pressure drop, high geometric surface area, and short diffusion distance as compared to conventional pellets and beads in fixed bed reactors (1). Active zeolite catalysts may be extruded in the form of a honeycomb structure or they may be washcoated on ceramic honeycomb substrates. The latter technique has been widely used in automotive emissions control (2), woodstove combustors (3), control of volatile organic emissions from organic solvents (4), ozone abatement in jet aircraft passenger cabins (5), and N0x abatement... 

EXPOSURE ROUTES Inhalation (present in natural environment as a product of plant respiration, incomplete wood combustion in fireplaces and woodstoves, coffee roasting, burning of tobacco, vehicle exhaust fumes, coal refining and waste processing) absorption. 

Combustion chamber- The part of a boiler, furnace or woodstove where the bum occurs normally lined with firebrick or molded or sprayed insulation. 

Woodstove - A wood-burning appliance for space and/or water heating and/or cooking. 

People who heat their homes by means of a woodstove frequently keep a container of water on the stove throughout the heating season in order to put water vapor into the air to raise the humidity to a comfortable level. However, the container eventually develops on its inner surface a crust that is both unsightly and an insulator which inhibits vaporization. What are likely to be some of the constituents of this crust, and how would you remove them without damage to the container ... 

Have you burned painted wood in a woodstove or fireplace If yes, have you... 

Given these special properties, this high-performance material has been successfully used for a variety of applications such as telescope mirror blanks in precision optics and infrared-transmitting range tops (Section 4.3.1). This glass-ceramic has also been successfiilly mass produced for household applications such as cookware and woodstove windows (Section 4.2). 

When a propane heater, fireplace, or woodstove is used in a closed room, there must be adequate ventilation. If the supply of oxygen is limited, incomplete combustion from burning gas, oil, or wood produces carbon monoxide. The incomplete combustion of methane in natural gas is written... 

---