Respiration, plant

The method builds on the fundamentals of radiocarbon dating via analysis, an analytical method that relies on the nuclear decay of radioactive carbon that is incorporated from the atmosphere into all living, respiring plants. The is present in the atmosphere as " C02. The level of is extremely low, only one part per trillion of the natural abundance of carbon in the atmosphere. When plant respiration ceases, the uptake of stops, but the slow radioactive decay of... 

Plant respiration is a relatively constant proportion of GPP, when ecosystems are compared. Although the respiration rate of any given plant increases exponentially with ambient temperature, acclimation and adaptation counterbalance this direct temperature effect on respiration. Plants from hot environments have lower respiration rates at a given temperature than do plants from cold places (Billings et al., 1971 Billings and Mooney, 1968 Mooney and Bilhngs, 1961). The net result of these counteracting temperature effects is that plants from different thermal environments have similar respiration rates, when measured at their mean habitat temperature (Semikhatova, 2000). 

In the carbon cycle, animals and plants use carbon dioxide from the air to produce glucose, which they use in respiration and other life processes. Animals consume plants, use what they can of the carbon matter and excrete the rest as waste. This waste decays into carbon dioxide. During respiration, plants and animals release carbon dioxide back into the air. The carbon used by plants and animals stays in their bodies until death, after which decay sends the organic compounds back into the Earth and carbon dioxide back into the air. 

Peltier G, Thibault P Uptake in the hght in Chlamydomonas. Evidence for persistent mitochondrial respiration. Plant Physiol 79 225—230, 1985. 

BeeverSjH., Gibbs, M. The direct oxydation pathway in plant respiration. Plant Physiol. 29, 322-324(1954)... 

Carbon dioxide returns to the atmosphere via animal respiration, plant and animal decay, and (in modem history) fossil fuel combustion. Because carbon dioxide is highly soluble in water, the oceans of the world act as a reservoir for CO2, keeping the amount of CO2 in the atmosphere generally stable. As we saw in Section 6.10, however, the increase in the combustion of fossil fuels in the last century has increased the amount of CO2 in the atmosphere by about 25%. 

Bidwell, Jeanne. Choosing the Right Respirator. Plant Engineering. Febraary 1997, pp. 104-108. 

Takamiya, K.-L, Shioi, Y., Shimada, H., and Arata, H., Inhibition of accumulation of bacteriochlo-rophyll and carotenoids by blue light in an aerobic photosynthetic bacterium Roseobacter denitri-ficans during anaerobic respiration. Plant Cell Physiol, 33, 1171, 1992. 

Carbon dioxide, COj. Sublimes — 78 5 C. A colourless gas at room temperature, occurs naturally and plays an important part in animal and plant respiration. Produced by the complete combustion of carbon-containing materials (industrially from flue gases and from synthesis gas used in ammonia production) and by heating metal carbonates or by... 

Plants and animals rely on oxygen for respiration. Hospitals frequently prescribe oxygen for patients with respiratory ailments. 

Potassium [7440-09-7] K, is the third, element ia the aLkaU metal series. The name designation for the element is derived from potash, a potassium mineral the symbol from the German name kalium, which comes from the Arabic qili, a plant. The ashes of these plants al qili) were the historical source of potash for preparing fertilisers (qv) or gun powder. Potassium ions, essential to plants and animals, play a key role in carbohydrate metaboHsm in plants. In animals, potassium ions promote glycolysis, Hpolysis, tissue respiration, and the synthesis of proteins (qv) and acetylcholine. Potassium ions are also beheved to function in regulating blood pressure. 

Potassium is required for enzyme activity in a few special cases, the most widely studied example of which is the enzyme pymvate kinase. In plants it is required for protein and starch synthesis. Potassium is also involved in water and nutrient transport within and into the plant, and has a role in photosynthesis. Although sodium and potassium are similar in their inorganic chemical behavior, these ions are different in their physiological activities. In fact, their functions are often mutually antagonistic. For example, increases both the respiration rate in muscle tissue and the rate of protein synthesis, whereas inhibits both processes (42). 

The places from which pollutants emanate are called sources. There are natural as well as anthropogenic sources of the permanent gases considered to be pollutants. These include plant and animal respiration and the decay of what was once living matter. Volcanoes and naturally caused forest fires are other natural sources. The places to which pollutants disappear from the air are called sinks. Sinks include the soil, vegetation, structures, and water bodies, particularly the oceans. The mechanisms whereby pollutants... 

Transpiration is the movement of water from the root system up to the leaves and its subsequent evaporation to the atmosphere. This process moves nutrients throughout the plant and cools the plant. Respiration is a heat-producing process resulting from the oxidation of carbohydrates by O2 to form CO2 and H2O, as shown in Eq. (8-2). 

Fig. 11-1. Mean monthly concentrations of atmospheric C02at Mauna Loa. The yearly oscillation is explained mainly by the annual cycle of photosynthesis and respiration of plants in the Northern Hemisphere. Source Lindzen (2).

Asarum europeum L. According to Abdul menev, the root of this plant contains 1-7 per cent, of imcharacterised alkaloid, asarine. The root produces in frogs, rabbits and dogs, acceleration of respiration, nausea and emesis the cardiac activity of the leaves is thought to be due to a glucoside. (Farmatsiya, 1945, 8, No. 4, p. 39 Chem. Abstr., 1946, 40, 7411.)... 

Like all matter, carbon can neither be created nor destroyed it can just be moved from one place to another. The carbon cycle depicts the various places where carbon can be found. Carbon occurs in the atmosphere, in the ocean, in plants and animals, and in fossil fuels. Carbon can be moved from the atmosphere into either producers (through the process of photosynthesis) or the ocean (through the process of diffusion). Some producers will become fossil fuels, and some will be eaten by either consumers or decomposers. The carbon is returned to the atmosphere when consumers respire, when fossil fuels are burned, and when plants are burned in a fire. The amount of carbon in the atmosphere can be changed by increasing or decreasing rates of photosynthesis, use of fossil fuels, and number of fires. 

---