Coal refining

Schilling, H.D., Schreckenberg, H., Wied, E., German-Canadian Sym. on Coal Refining, Edmonton, Alberta, April 20-21 (1978). 

The demonstration plant is expected to confirm the operability and reliability of those process steps and certain process equipment which have not yet been proven in commercial scale equipment in the operating environment of coal refining. Certain aspects of the engineering development of these areas are discussed, as shown in Table 1. 

Environmental uncertainties have been well handled by previous speakers. My only comment relates to Howard s remark that as we build more coal-refining plants, we can expect the price to... 

Specks, R. Langhoff, J. Cornils, B. "The Development of a Pulverized Coal Gasifier in the Prototype Phase Using the Texaco System" Coal Refining Symposium, Edmonton, Canada, April 20-21 1978. ... 

A direct correlation among the quality of the raw material, the refining cost, and the quality of the desired products is applicable to nearly all brown coal refining processes. 

Polycyclic aromatic amines occur naturally in coal tar. They are by-products of the coal refining process. They were used in the 1930s as an insecticide. 

Keller, Jr., D. V., "Coal Refining by Physical Methods for the Preparation of Coal Slurries With Less Than 1 wt. % Ash",... 

Besides catalytic cracking, the only other major source of propylene in the near future will continue to be as a pyrolysis by-product. Even an all-chemical coal refiner will make little propylene. OCR estimates (13) that a 100,000 bbl plant will only produce 28MM lbs/years of propylene. The areas of significance that must be considered for now are the pyrolysis by-product processes. 

EXPOSURE ROUTES Inhalation (present in natural environment as a product of plant respiration, incomplete wood combustion in fireplaces and woodstoves, coffee roasting, burning of tobacco, vehicle exhaust fumes, coal refining and waste processing) absorption. 

Technical feasibility of a nuclear process heat reactor for the refinement of coal has been established, main components developed, and its basic licensing capability confirmed. The economic competitiveness compared with non-nuclear alternatives could be achieveable by using improvement potential, however, nowadays looking at low oil prizes realistically not existing. Studies on the technical feasibility and economic competitiveness of the processes for nuclear coal refinement were completed in 1987 [11]. 

M. Gillet, apart from the intrinsic interest of holding a stake in this joint-venture, Mines de Lens intended to use the newly built factories to ensure the rapid development of coal refining, with an eye to creating a huge dye factory Following its initial meeting in April 1916, it was decided that the Commission des Matibres Colorantes should become the forerunner of a new Syndicat des Matiferes Colorantes. 

The advances in refining petroleum residua (Speight, 2007, 2011b) and the ability to exert more control over the process may cause coal refiners to lean toward the second option. 

The salient features of the slurry reactors used in three coal refining and conversion processes and the models developed for each case have been discussed. Considerable pilot plant... 

The pyrolytic conversion of coal into coke, gas and aromatic liquid products is the oldest and, in quantitative terms, most important coal-refining process. In the absence of air, carbonization processes are considered to occur in stages up to 150 °C, carbon dioxide, water and volatile C2 to C4 hydrocarbons are evolved. At pyrolysis temperatures above 180 °C the volatile components also contain aromatics. At temperatures in excess of 350 °C, rapid degasification occurs, which continues to around 550 °C, leading to semi-coke. The rate of degasification approximately follows a reaction of the 1st order, which can be explained by the rupture of the bonds of the macromolecules in the coal. In the secondary degasification of the semi-coke (600 to 800 °C) hydrogen and methane are the main products. 

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