Normal line

These are meant to limit the inrush currents occurring during a switching operation of a capacitor. They are connected in series with the capacitors and may be short-time rated for the values of the inrush currents and continuously rated for normal line currents. They are almost the same as the series reactors with fixed reactance. 

Lorentzian line shape The normal line shape of an NMR peak that can be displayed either in absorption or dispersion mode. 

As for the refracted beam, the change in its direction is due to a change in the velocity of light as it passes from one medium to another. When a beam of light passes from a fast medium (such as a vacuum or air) to a slower medium (e.g., a crystalline solid), the change in velocity causes the beam to bend toward the normal (line perpendicular) to the boundary between the two media (see Fig. 18). The index of refraction, also known as the refractive index, the numerical value of the ratio between the speed of light in a vacuum to the speed of light in a material, provides... 

LOXs are normally present in the seeds of plants, although LOXs do not have a clear physiological role in seed development, because no negative effects on crop performance were observed in LOX-deficient seeds as compared with a normal line. For this reason, the possible function of seed LOXs as storage proteins is considered. 

Figure 9.9 Simulated normalized line shapes of -polarized (a-c) and p-polarized (if-/) second-harmonic signals for quarter waveplate measurements (a) and (if) hypothetical achiral surface (hs = 0.5 fp = 0.75, gp = —0.5), (b) and (if) hypothetical chiral surface with in-phase chiral coefficient (fs = 0.75, hs = 0.5 fp = 0.75, gp = —0.5, hp = 0.25), (c) and (/) hypothetical chiral surface with out-of-phase chiral coefficient ( fs = 0.75 0.25i, hs = 0.5 fp = 0.75, gp = —0.5, hp = 0.25z). Upper (solid line) and lower (dashed line) sign in expansion coefficients correspond to two enantiomers. Rotation angles of 45° and 225° (135° and 315°) correspond to right-hand (left-hand) circularly polarized light and are indicated for one of enantiomers with open and filled circles, respectively.

A can be defined as the lateral displacement of the metal from the normal line drawn from the center of the lower B5 ring of the G2B9 cage. 

The total fluorescence power collected from the fluorophore distribution by a microscope objective centered in the normal line at a distance r is an integral of f over the objective s aperture which subtends a solid angle fl ... 

Deuteration of one end of the allyl moiety in these compounds removes the equivalence of the two positions and in place of the single line for the terminal position, two separate absorptions should appear (W). One, in the normal decoupled spectrum, is a singlet for the hydrogen substituted carbon, and the other a weak quintet for the deuterated end which would be difficult to observe. These two signals would bracket the normal singlet. If a mixture of deuterated and undeuterated allyl compound is used, therefore, two easily observable peaks should appear, one in the normal position, the other shifted. In the spectra of allyllithium and allylsodium the line from the deuterated compound appeared I and 11 Hz upfield respectively, at 0°C, of the normal lines. The potassium compound only showed a somewhat broadened line. At -80°C the separation for allyllithium was 22 Hz. 

We now discuss the estimate of the tangent to the path. In the original formulation of the NEB method, the tangent at an image i was estimated from the two adjacent images along the path, Rj+j and R i. The simplest estimate is to use the normalized line segment between the two... 

The superposition of the different magnetic interactions complicates the interpretation and calculation of the resulting normalized line shape function,/(v). It is therefore advantageous to make use of the so-called second moment M2 as a measure of the linewidth of the solid-state NMR signals. The full-width at halfmaximum of an NMR signal in frequency units, also called the static linewidth, is... 

Exercise. In Kubo s example the line shape is expressed by the normalized line shape function 510... 

Figure 14.1 Standard free enthalpy (AG°) of formation (normal lines) of chromium oxides and carbides and standard free enthalpy (AG°) of reaction (lines with squares) of chromium with methane as a function of temperature.

PROBLEM 24.13 Draw tetrahedral representations of the two glyceraldehyde enantiomers using wedged, dashed, and normal lines to show three-dimensionality. 

The aluminum chloride type of chamber is normally lined with acidproof brick with catalyst addition at the top and a baffle to direct the flow of catalyst to the reaction zone in the bottom. The charge enters at the bottom, and the effluent leaves from the middle or top. 

It should be noted that a normal line and its accompanying lines due to inelastic energy losses have different dependences on the target density. In the limit of low scattering losses one has... 

Figure 9. Effect of coal rank on sulfur evolution. ASTM D388 abbreviations of the ranks. Normal line low sulfur coal, bold line high sulfur coal.

The TPA cross-section for an excitation from the ground state 0)0 to a final state 0)/ encountered in experimental measurements is defined in terms of the normalized line shape function, g(tol, + tofl), and the TPA transition amplitude tensor, T°V"V-/ 115,116 ... 

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