Sources, types

T.M. Habashy, E.Y. Chow, and D.G. Dudley, Profile inversion using the renormalized source-type integral equation approach, 1990, IEEE Trans. Antennas Propagat., 38,... 

Table 1. Comparison of Ion Source Types Used in Directed Beam Ion Implantation...

Types of Solid Wastes The term solid wastes is aU-inchisive and encompasses all sources, types of classifications, compositions, and properties. As a basis for subsequent discussions, it will be helpful to define the various types of solid wastes that are generated. It is important to note that the definitions of solid-waste terms and the classifications vary greatly in prac tice and in literature. Consequently, the use of published data requires considerable care, judgment, and common sense. The following definitions are intended to serve as a guide. 

When running SCREEN for a point source, or for flare releases and area sources discussed below, you are first asked to provide a one line title (up to 79 characters) that will appear on the output file. You will then be asked to identify the source type, and should enter P or p for a point source (the model will identify either upper or lowercase letters and will repeat the prompt until a valid response is given). For a point source, you will be asked to provide the following inputs ... 

By answering F or f to the question on source type the user selects the flare release option. This option is similar to the point source described above except for the inputs needed to calculate plume rise. The inputs for flare releases are described below. 

SIMPLE TERRAIN INPUTS SOURCE TYPE EMISSION RATE (G/S) FLARE STACK HEIGHT (H) TOT HEAT RLS (CAL/S) RECEPTOR HEIGHT (M) UR6AN/RURAL OPTION EFF RELEASE HEIGHT (H) BUILDING HEIGHT (M)... 

The third source type option in SCREEN is for area sources, which is selected by entering A or a for source type. The area source algorithm in SCREEN is based on a numerical integration approach, and allows for the area source to be approximated by a rectangular area. The inputs requested for area sources are as follows ... 

Proper design and construction of a local ventilation system must account for hood flow rate, contaminant generation process and rate, and the generated flow rate of contaminated air. Thus, knowledge about airflow mechanics, process performance, and the contaminant source is essential. The descriptions of different sources are included in Chapter 7 and here only short descripiions are included as necessary to identify different processes and source types. 

More recently, attempts have been made to correlate mathematically the chemical composition of natural waters and their aggressivity to iron by direct measurements on corrosion coupons or pipe samples removed from distribution systemsThis work has been of limited success, either producing a mathematical best fit only for the particular data set examined or very general trends. The particular interest to the water supply industry of the corrosivity of natural waters to cast iron has led to the development of a simple corrosion rig for the direct measurement of corrosion ratesThe results obtained using this rig has suggested an aggressivity classification of waters by source type i.e. 

Source type hard aerated borehole lowland river derived soft upland... 

Waste assessments are used to list the sources, types, and amounts of hazardous waste generated to make it easier to pinpoint where wastes can be reduced. 

This paper is a review of methods for estimating releases of chemicals into the environment in the course of extraction of raw materials, manufacturing, use, storage, transportation, and disposal, as well as by accidents or natural processes. It discusses source types, forms of substances released (solids, liquids, and gases), receiving media (air, water, soil), time pattern of release (continuous versus intermittent, cyclic versus random), and geographic patterns of release (point, line, area, and volume sources). 

The analysis methods are national in scope and address emissions from a wide variety of industrial and community source types. The materials reviewed are of widely disparate natures. They include metals, and bulk and trace hydrocarbons, including chlorinated and oxide derivatives of hydrocarbons. The analyses are intended to be preliminary screening analyses for use in scoping and prioritizing regulatory attention to toxic exposures from the chemicals studied. 

The estimation of concentration patterns was done with a different approach for each of the three source types described above (specific point sources, prototype point sources, and area sources). Each type of source requires a different modeling approach. In addition, the concen-... 

There were 311 major chemical manufacturing or consuming plants covered in this study. Because some major chemical plants were sources of more than one chemical, specific point source modeling was applied for 538 plants. Since there may be more than one source type in a plant, dispersion-dosage modeling was conducted for a total of 1819 individual point sources in this study. 

Each computed parameter can be summed and tabulated for any subset of sources (single source, source type, chemical, all sources and chemicals). 

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