Waste from paper industry

Willhoft A proposed process for making aluminum chloride from the solid waste from paper mills. The waste is mainly a mixture of clay with cellulose. It is dried and calcined in an inert atmosphere, giving a mixture of clay and caibon which chlorinates readily. Conceived by E. M. A. Willhoft and briefly examined by the Research Association for the Paper and Board, Printing and Packaging Industries (PIRA) in England in 1977, but not piloted. 

More than twenty years ago, it was recognized that cellulosic biomass, including agricultural residues (such as corn stover, rice and wheat straws, and sugarcane bagasse), municipal wastes (such as yard and paper wastes), and industrial wastes (such as wastes from paper mills), is an attractive feedstock for ethanol-fuel production by fermentation because cellulosic biomass is not only renewable and available domestically in most countries but also available at very low cost and in great abundance. 

Stenhouse,8 in 1856, prepared a decolorizing char by heating a mixture of flour, tar, and magnesium carbonate Lee,9 in 1863, prepared a deodorizing carbon by the action of superheated steam and air on peat and in 1868, Winser and Swindells10 heated wastes from paper mills with phosphates. Some of the disclosures are similar to processes that are in current industrial use, and it is natural to inquire why they were not then developed on a commercial scale. 

CDFs in paper products as well as in liquid and solid wastes from this industry. Municipal sewage sludge has been found to occasionally contain CDDs and CDFs. 

Multicompartment dmm filters range in size from about 1 m to over 100 m they are widely used in mineral and chemical processing, in the pulp and paper industry, and in sewage and waste materials treatment. 

Industrial Wastewater Treatment. Industrial wastewaters require different treatments depending on their sources. Plating waste contains toxic metals that are precipitated and insolubiHzed with lime (see Electroplating). Iron and other heavy metals are also precipitated from waste-pidde Hquor, which requires acid neutralization. Akin to pickle Hquor is the concentrated sulfuric acid waste, high in iron, that accumulates in smokeless powder ordinance and chemical plants. Lime is also useful in clarifying wastes from textile dyeworks and paper pulp mills and a wide variety of other wastes. Effluents from active and abandoned coal mines also have a high sulfuric acid and iron oxide content because of the presence of pyrite in coal. 

Oxygen is used to treat municipal wastewater and wastewater from the pulp and paper industry (see Aeration, water treatment Wastes, industrial Water). Many of these water appHcations can use VSA-produced oxygen (advantage /). Demonstration and development programs are in place that use oxygen to oxidize sludge from municipal waste and bum hazardous wastes and used tires (advantages 1—4). 

The wide range of types of paper products results in a variety of sludges. SoHd wastes result from several sources within the mill, eg, bark, sawdust, dirt, knots, pulpwood rejects, flyash, cinders, slag, and sludges. Sludges often are disposed of in combination with residuals from other sources. Approximately 300 kg of soHd waste per ton of finished product is generated by the pulp and paper industry. 

Wastes from wood processing and the production of paper, cardboard, pulp, panels and furniture Wastes from the leather and textile industries... 

Venmri scrubbers have been applied to control PM emissions from utility, industrial, commercial, and institutional boilers fired with coal, oil, wood, and liquid waste. They have also been applied to control emission sources in the chemical, mineral products, wood, pulp and paper, rock products, and asphalt manufacrnring industries lead, aluminum, iron and steel, and gray iron production industries and to municipal solid waste incinerators. Typically, venturi scrubbers are applied where it is necessary to obtain high collection efficiencies for fine PM. Thus, they are applicable to controlling emission sources with high concentrations of submicron PM. 

Fluidized-bed process incinerators have been used mostly in the petroleum and paper industries, and for processing nuclear wastes, spent cook liquor, wood chips, and sewage sludge disposal. Wastes in any physical state can be applied to a fluidized-bed process incinerator. Au.xiliary equipment includes a fuel burner system, an air supply system, and feed systems for liquid and solid wastes. The two basic bed design modes, bubbling bed and circulating bed, are distinguished by the e.xtent to which solids are entrained from the bed into the gas stream. 

In the United States about 3 percent of all electricity produced comes from renewable sources of this a little more than half comes from biomass. Most biomass energy generation comes from the lumber and paper industries from their conversion of mill residues to in-house energy. Municipal solid waste also is an important fuel for electricity production approximately 16 percent ot all municipal solid waste is disposed of by combustion. Converting industrial and municipal waste into bioenergy also decreases the necessity for landfdl space. 

Iron and chromic salts from lignosulfonate are also a source for metal ions [1000]. Lignosulfonates are waste products from the paper industry. 

Pekilo [Paecilomyces] A process for making single-cell protein from waste sulfite liquor from the paper industry. The organism is Paecilomyces variotti. Used in Finland. 

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