Industrial Wastewater Treatment

Industrial Wastewater Treatment. Industrial wastewaters require different treatments depending on their sources. Plating waste contains toxic metals that are precipitated and insolubiHzed with lime (see Electroplating). Iron and other heavy metals are also precipitated from waste-pidde Hquor, which requires acid neutralization. Akin to pickle Hquor is the concentrated sulfuric acid waste, high in iron, that accumulates in smokeless powder ordinance and chemical plants. Lime is also useful in clarifying wastes from textile dyeworks and paper pulp mills and a wide variety of other wastes. Effluents from active and abandoned coal mines also have a high sulfuric acid and iron oxide content because of the presence of pyrite in coal. 

The pulp and paper industry and potable and wastewater treatment industry are the principal markets for aluminum sulfate. Over half of the U.S. aluminum sulfate produced is employed by the pulp and paper industry. About 37% is used to precipitate and fix rosin size on paper fibers, set dyes, and control slurry pH. Another 16% is utilized to clarify process waters. The alum sold for these purposes is usually Hquid alum. It is frequendy acidic as a result of a slight excess of H2SO4. Aluminum sulfate consumption by the pulp and paper industry is projected to remain constant or decline slightly in the near term because of more efficient use of the alum and an increased use of alkaline sizing processes (13). 

Filtration Membranes Membrane bioreactors ate a fairly more recent phenomenon in the wastewater treatment industry, and, therefore, a shghtly detailed coverage of their architecture and attributes in regard to how these relate to usage to remove PPCPs from water is in order. They ate practically a form of activated sludge... 

Moore, R. and Vicory, A., NWQS review presents opportunity for wastewater treatment industry, Water Environ. Technol., March, 1998. 

The open-type perforated reciprocating-plate column (Fig. 13f) developed by Karr and Lo consists of a stack of perforated plates and baffle plates which have a free area of about 58%. The central shaft which supports the plates is reciprocated by means of a reciprocating drive mechanism located at the top of the column. These columns have gained increasing industrial application in the pharmaceutical, petrochemical, and wastewater-treatment industries, and columns up to 60 in. in diameter are in service. 

The treatment and safe disposal of waste is equally important whether it be waste generated by the pulp and paper industry, by the leather industry or gaseous waste. Recently, in addition to other membrane-based processes, demand has grown in the wastewater treatment industry for a process that uses both a biological stage and a membrane module, known as the membrane bioreactor (MBR) process. The bioreactor and membrane module each have a specific function (1) the biological degradation... 

Matter of Minutes Hydrogen Sulfide (Wastewater Treatment) Hydrogen sulfide hazards in wastewater treatment Industrial Training Systems Corporation Rental 95 (3-day), 175 (10-day) Purchase 395... 

Smith JS, Valsaraj KT, and Thibodeaux LJ (1996) Bubble column reactors for wastewater treatment. Industrial Engineering Chemistry Research 35 1688-1699. 

The first systematic study of UF was undertaken by Bechhold in 1907. Applications of UF are found in the food, drug, chemical, water, and wastewater treatment industries. The major use of MF is probably in sterile filtration. During the last 30-40 years... 

With needle valve A in the vacuum line closed, adjust the bleed needle valve B to give the required level of constant vacuum. This is likely to be in the region of 50-70 kPa (380-530 mmHg). In the wastewater treatment industry the standard used is 49 kPa (386 mmHg). 

These normalized parameters are particularly useful in the wastewater treatment industries. They have been formalized by G. Kreysa (1981) Electrochimica Acta, 26,1693. 

A classic example of substitution for safety can be seen in the recent trend in the wastewater treatment industry to substitute less hazardous sodium hypochlorite for deadly chlorine gas in the disinfection process. While the use of sodium hypochlorite is more expensive than chlorine gas, because sodium hypochlorite is not an EPA/OSHA-listed hazardous material, extremely costly and cumbersome regulations on the use of chlorine are avoided. Moreover, as one wastewater treatment sanitation district general manager told us, By using harmless sodium hypochlorite instead of deadly chlorine I am able to sleep better at night. . . because the liability issue is removed. The liability issue referred to here is based on the possibility of deadly chlorine not only causing serious injury or worse to workers but also injury or damage to those beyond the plant/ facility fenceline. 

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