Umbilical cord blood

Most experience is with HLA-matched donors umbilical cord blood transplantation is being evaluated... 

Experience with HSCT in adult patients with SCD is very limited. Umbilical cord blood and hematopoietic cells from nonmatched donors are alternatives, but use is limited.6,33... 

Umbilical cord blood, peripheral blood progenitor cells (PBPC) and bone marrow can serve as the source of hematopoietic cells. The optimal cell source differs based on the donor and recipient characteristics but has not been clearly identified for all patients. 

The type of HCT performed depends on a number of factors, including type and status of disease, availability of a compatible donor, patient age, performance status, and organ function. In addition to bone marrow, hematopoietic cells may be obtained from the peripheral blood progenitor cells (PBPCs) and umbilical cord blood. The essential properties of the hematopoietic cells are their ability to engraft, the speed of engraftment, and the durability of engraftment.1... 

Transplant with umbilical cord blood (UCB) offers an alternative stem cell source to patients who do not have an acceptable matched related or unrelated donor. When allogeneic hematopoietic cells are obtained from UCB, the cord blood is obtained from a consenting donor in the delivery room after birth and delivery of the placenta.32 The cord blood then is processed, a sample is sent for HLA typing, and the cord blood... 

Allogeneic hematopoietic cell transplantation A transplantation of hematopoietic (blood-forming) bone marrow, peripheral blood, or umbilical cord blood involving one person as a donor and another person as a recipient. 

Transplacental transfer of lead in humans has been demonstrated in a number of studies, and lead has been identified in umbilical cord blood. In the work of Bellinger et al. (1987a), the mean lead concentration in umbilical cord blood from a sample size of 11,000 women was 6.6 3.2 pg/dL. In a study of 236 pregnant women in Glasgow, Scotland, the geometric mean PbB levels were 14 pg/dL for... 

Lead concentrations in maternal and umbilical cord blood have been reported by Greek researchers for 50 parturient women at delivery. Twenty-five of the women lived in industrial areas with high air pollution, and twenty-five lived in agricultural areas with low air pollution. The mean lead concentrations (expressed as mean standard deviation) for the women living in areas with high air pollution were 37.2 4.7 pg/L in maternal blood and 20 3.4 pg/L in umbilical cord blood (correlation coefficient, r = 0.57). The mean lead concentrations for the women living in areas with low air pollution were 20.5 5.6 pg/L in maternal blood and 12.9 3.6 pg/L in umbilical cord blood (correlation coefficient, r = 0.70). The authors conclude that the placenta demonstrates a dynamic protective function that is amplified when maternal PbB levels are raised (Vasilios et al. 1997). 

Concentrations of lead in umbilical cord blood of two groups of women giving birth in a Boston Hospital in 1980 and 1990 have also been reported. Mean lead concentration of umbilical cord blood was 6.56 3.19 pg/dL forthe 1980 group and 1.19 1.32 pg/dL forthe 1990 group (Hu etal. 1996). 

Lauwerys R, Buchet J-P, Roels HA, et al. 1978. Placental transfer of lead, mercury, cadmium, and carbon monoxide in women I. Comparison of the frequency distributions of the biological indices in maternal and umbilical cord blood. Environ Res 15 278-289. 

Schuhmacher M, Hernandez M, Domingo JL, et al. 1996. A longitudinal study of lead mobilization during pregnancy concentration in maternal and umbilical cord blood. Trace Elements and Electrolytes 13 177-181. 

Shucard JL, Shucard DW, Patterson R, et al. 1988. Prenatal lead exposure and its potential significance for developmental disabilities A preliminary study of umbilical cord blood lead levels. Neurotoxicology 9 317-326. 

Vasilios D, Theodor S, Konstantinos S, et al. 1997. Lead concentrations in maternal and umbilical cord blood in areas with high and low air pollution. Clin Exp Obstet Gynecol 24(4) 187-9. 

Buzanska, L., Stachowiak, E., Stachowiak, M. and Domanska-Janik, K. Neural stem cell line derived from human umbilical cord blood - morphological and functional properties. J. Neurochem. 85(Suppl. 2) 33, 2003. 

Reddy, R.K., et al. A mixed population of immature and mature leucocytes in umbilical cord blood results in areduced expression and function of CR3 (CD1 lb/CD18), Clin. Exp. Immunol., 114, 462, 1998. 

Stem cell therapy involves infusion of specialized cells utilized to perform specific functions. The traditional use of cell therapy includes harvest and cryopreservation of autologous hematopoietic cells either from the bone marrow (old approach) or mobilization and pheresis of hematopoietic stem cells from peripheral blood using stem cell-mobilizing cytokines such as hematopoietic colony-stimulating factors (G-CSF, GM-CSF) or chemokine inhibitors (AMD-3100). A more recent stem cell source is umbilical cord blood that has rich pleuripotent potential and can engraft at lower doses than bone marrow or mobilized peripheral blood stem cells. 

It is not possible to achieve "adequate control" of the risks of persistent, bioaccumulative chemicals. The fact that traditional risk assessment cannot reasonably be applied to such chemicals, and that a revised PBT (persistent, bioaccumulative, toxic) assessment is necessary, is explicitly recognised in the EU s Technical Guidance Document for risk assessment. Their intrinsic properties mean that there is a high risk of exposure at sometime during the lifecycle of the chemical or the article that contains it. Even small releases, if they are continuous, can result in significant exposures. This is why we see significant and, in some cases, escalating levels of brominated flame retardants, nonylphenols and other persistent chemicals in breast milk, umbilical cord blood and human tissue. 

A number of reports have shown that CD34+ cells obtained from umbilical cord blood (CB) are quiescent (Mayani and Lansdorp, 1998). We therefore extended our system for SCF induced proliferation to the CB CD34+... 

Mayani H, Lansdorp PM, 1998. Biology of human umbilical cord blood-derived hematopoietic stem/progenitor cells. Stem Gells 16 153... 

Theunissen, K. Verfaillie, C.M. (2005) A multifactorial analysis of umbilical cord blood, adult bone marrow and mobilized peripheral blood progenitors using the improved ML IC assay. Experimental Hematology, 33,165-172. 

Third type of culture is stroma-non contact . In this system primitive progenitor cells are sustained when cells are co-cultured with irradiated allogeneic stroma but separated from it by the 0,4 micron membrane in transwell inserts (Costar, Cambridge, MA). These cultures are maintained by daily supplementation of stromal feeder conditioned media (Roller et al. 1998, Verfaillie, 2001) successfiilly expanded umbilical cord blood cells in a novel automated perfusion culture system. Development these approaches followed in the studies of investigators who incorporated the stromal components into the expansion culture. Recently published trials by McNiece et al. 2000 are more encouraging where cells were expanded in static culture for 10 days in Teflon bags (American Fluoroseal, USA). 

Gluckman E. (2000) Current status of umbilical cord blood hematopoietic stem cell transplantation, Exp HeinatolZS, 1197-1205. 

Roller M., Manchel L, Maher R., Goltry K., Armstrong R., Smith A. (1998) Clinical scale human umbilical cord blood cell expansion in a novel automated perfusion culture system,. Bone marrow transplant. 21(7), 653-665. 

Lewis I., Almeida-Porada G., Du J., Lemischka L, Moore K., Zanjani E. and Verfaillie C. (2001) Umbilical cord blood cells capable of engrafting in primary, secondary, and tertiary xenogeneic hosts are preserved after ex vivo culture in noncontact system, Blood 97, 3441-3449. 

Broxmeyer, H.E., Gordon, G.W., Hangoc, G. et al. (1989) Human umbilical cord blood as a potential source of transplantable hematopoietic stem/ progenitor cells, Proc. Natl. Acad. ScL t/S 86 3828-3832. 

Denning-Kendall, P., Donaldson, C., Nicol, A. et al. (1996) Optimal processing of human umbilical cord blood for clinical banking, Exp. //emato/.24 1394-1401. 

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