Hematopoietic stem and progenitor cells

CXCL12 A Chemokine Critical for the Migration of Hematopoietic Stem and Progenitor Cells and B-Lymphopoiesis in the Bone Marrow 

The first evidence that hinted at the link between chemokines and hematopoiesis was obtained from a gene knockout study where the gene for stromal cell-derived factor-1 (SDF-1, also called PBSF-1/CXCL12) was deleted (Nagasawa et al., 1996 Ma et al., 1998 Zou et al., 1998). CXCL12 

Chemokines in the Mobilization of Bone Marrow Stem and Progenitor Cells into the Periphery 

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Shizuru JA, Negrin RS, Weissman IL. Hematopoietic stem and progenitor cells clinical and preclinical regeneration of the hematolymphoid system. Annu Rev... 

Broxmeyer HE, Orschell CM, Clapp DW, et al. Rapid mobilization of murine and human hematopoietic stem and progenitor cells with AMD3100, a CXCR4 antagonist. J Exp Med 2005 201(8) 1307-1318. 

Kiel MJ, Yilmaz OH, Iwashita T, Yilmaz OH, Terhorst C, Morrison SJ. SLAM family receptors distinguish hematopoietic stem and progenitor cells and reveal endothelial niches for stem cells. Cell. 2005 121 1109-1121. 

Liang Y., Van Zant G., Szilvassy S. J. (2005). Effect of aging on the homing and engraftment of murine hematopoietic stem and progenitor cells, Blood, 106, 1479 1487. 

There are three sources of hematopoietic stem and progenitor cells available bone marrow (BM), peripheral blood after stem cell mobifization (MPB) and umbilical cord blood (CB). 

Bone marrow is the natural site of hematopoiesis and was therefore the first source of hematopoietic stem and progenitor cells. In addition to the hematopoietic cells primary stroma can also be collected simultaneously from this source. However, as the harvesting of cells from bone marrow is an invasive procedure that requires manual extraction under spinal or general anesthesia, alternative sources are preferred whenever possible, although, for allogeneic stem cell transplantation, bone marrow is still the source of choice [23]. 

Expanded hematopoietic (stem and progenitor) cells have widespread potential in therapy and this will only be briefly described here. For a comprehensive overview, the review by Schindhelm and Nordon [27] is recommended. Potential applications include graft engineering in stem cell transplantation [24], gene and immunotherapy and the production of mature blood cells for transfusion medicine. 

Fig. 3. Strategies for the cultivation of hematopoietic stem and progenitor cells...

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