Longitudinal studies

Joe GW, Simpson DO Mortality rates among opioid addicts in a longitudinal study. AmJ Public Health 77 347-348, 1987... 

Evans RT, O Callaghan J, Norman A. 1988. A longitudinal study of cholinesterase changes in pregnancy. Clin Chem 34 2249-2252. 

Corti R, Fayad ZA, Fuster V, Worthley SG, Helft G, Chesebro J, Mercuri M, Badimon JJ. Effects of lipid-lowering by simvastatin on human atherosclerotic lesions a longitudinal study by high-resolution, noninvasive magnetic resonance imaging. Circulation 2001 104(3) 249. 

Relatively few data are available on the response of ANP to endotoxemia or septic shock. In an ovine model, a 13-fold increase in blood ANP concentration has been found 2 hours after endotoxin administration in a dose of 1.5 pg/kg body weight (LI7). The ANP level remained elevated during the first 6 hours and was associated with marked diuresis and natriuresis and with decreased cardiac output and increased peripheral resistence (LI7). In human studies, a significantly higher ANP blood level was observed in ARDS (E4) and in patients with acute respiratory failure associated with sepsis (M30). In a longitudinal study, we found that plasma ANP levels were increased in patients with sepsis, but the ANP levels showed no relation to the severity of disease or to the presence of shock (B8). 

Ishihara, N. and Urushiyana, K., Longitudinal study of workers exposed to mercury vapor at low concentration Time course of inorganic and organic mercury concentration in urine, Toxicology and Applied Pharmacology, 155, 161-168, 1994. 

N Triadou, J Bataille, J Schmitz. Longitudinal study of the human intestinal brush border membrane proteins. Distribution of the main disaccharidases and peptidases. Gastroenterology 85 1326-1332, 1983. 

Adults N=44 1.14 Occupational longitudinal study over 30 months air concentration <30 pg/m3 Hodgkins et al. 1992... 

Hu H Department of Environmental Health, Boston, MA Measure in vivo bone lead level in a National Institute of new longitudinal study of lead exposure Environmental Health and reproduction among married Sciences women and men ... 

Fergusson DM, Fergusson JE. Horwood LJ, et al. 1988a. A longitudinal study of dentine lead levels, intelligence, school performance and behavior. Part I. Dentine lead levels and exposure to environmental risk factors. J Child Psychol Psychiatry 29 781-792. 

Hodgkins DG, Robins TG, Hinkamp DL, et al. 1992. A longitudinal study of the relation of lead in blood to lead in air concentrations among battery workers. Br J Ind Med 49 241-248. 

Kim R, Hu H, Rotnitzky A, et al. 1995. A longitudinal study of chronic lead exposure and physical growth in Boston children. Environ Health Perspect 103 952-957. 

Kim R, Rotnitzky A, Sparrow D, et al. 1996a. A longitudinal study of low-level lead exposure and impairment of renal function. The normative aging study. JAMA 275 1177-1181. 

Schuhmacher M, Hernandez M, Domingo JL, et al. 1996. A longitudinal study of lead mobilization during pregnancy concentration in maternal and umbilical cord blood. Trace Elements and Electrolytes 13 177-181. 

Weiss ST, Munoz A, Stein A, et al. 1986. The relationship of blood lead to blood pressure in longitudinal study of working men. Am J Epidemiol 123 800-808. 

Andreasson S, Allebeck P, Engstrom A and Rydberg U (1987). Cannabis and schizophrenia A longitudinal study of Swedish conscripts. Lancet, 2, 1483-1486. 

McGhee R, Williams S, Poulton R and Moffitt T. (2000). A longitudinal study of cannabis use and mental health from adolescence to early adulthood. Addiction, 95, 491-504. 

Pope HG, Ionescu-Pioggia M and Pope KW (2001b). Drug use and lifestyle among college undergraduates A 30-year longitudinal study. American Journal of Psychiatry, 158, 1519-1521. 

As mentioned above, such investigations might require a vast longitudinal study. We have birth cohort studies from the UK (1958) and the US, which can already be overlapped with longitudinal studies from working age and old age to simulate the entire life cycle. (These are not complete, but can be pieced together.)... 

Such longitudinal studies could show how social class factors influence health throughout the life cycle, and motivate investigations into the biological pathways linking class and health, e.g. the National Population Health Survey in Canada, begun in 1994. 

In the past several decades there has been increased incidence of depression, which motivated Gerald Klerman to describe this era as the age of melancholia [5], The lifetime prevalence of depression in the U.S. is higher in women (21.3%) than in men (12.7%). Although the rates of major depression vary across the world, data from fifty countries support the notion that this disease is the fourth leading cause of disability worldwide (second in developed countries) [3]. Longitudinal studies verify that the typical course of the disease is recurrent, with periods of recovery and periods of depression symptoms however, approximately 17% of patients have a chronic unremitting disease [6], Depression is the major cause of suicidal behavior and the rate of suicidal attempts has been estimated to be around 56% in depressed patients [7]. 

Black RE, Brown KH, Becker S, Yunus M Longitudinal studies of infectious diseases and physical growth of children in rural Bangladesh. II. Incidence of diarrhea and association with known pathogens. Am J Epidemiol 1982 115 315-324. 

Newman RD, Sears CL, Moore SR, Nataro JP, Wuhib T, Agnew DA, Guerrant RL, Lima AAM Longitudinal study of Cryptosporidium infection in children in northeastern Brazil. J Infect Dis 1999 180 167-175. 

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