Standard deviation, of mean

Statistical analysis Results of experiments are represented as M m, where M - means, m - standard deviation of means m= c/Vn, Where, a is the standard deviation and n - is the population size. 

Data are presented as mean standard deviation of mean. 

Squaring the true standard deviation gives a term called the true vuriunce, a2. It can be shown that the standard deviation of means a, calculated for samples taken from the total population of data, will have a true standard deviation equal to a/ n, where n is the sample size. In other words, the spread of these means is less than the spread of the overall data around the group mean. 

Standard deviation of the mean (<7n) The standard deviation of means of n data. It is related to the standard deviation of the population (a) by an = o/+Jn. The sample standard deviation of the mean is estimated from s/+fn. (Section 2.4.6)... 

Fig. 1. Mean values of live epifaunal F. wuellerstorfi (squares), C. pachyderma (diamonds), and L. lobatula (dots) from five stations, as well as values of live infaunal G. affinis (crosses), F. mexicana (triangles), and B. mexicana (open circles) from seven, four, and ten stations, respectively, plotted versus sediment depth. Error bars give standard deviations of means of stations. Stations are in the South Atlantic Ocean along the southwest African continental margin. Bottom water values at stations he exactly within the range of F. wuellerstorfi...

Fig. 6. Mean values of live F. wuellerstorfi (squares), F. mexicana (diamonds), and Uvigerina auberiana (circles) are plotted versus CaCOs contents of the sediments from stations along the African continental margin. Error bars indicate standard deviations of means of down-core values at each single station. Bottom water 8 Cdic values are subtracted (after Mackensen Licari 2004).

Errors were calculated by use of single standard deviations of mean values of multiple measurements. The uncertainties have been adjusted to 95% confidence intervals and, where necessary, minor changes have been made to some of the enthalpy values used by [98KAR/CHE] such that they are in accord with the Zr and auxiliary data selected in this review. The four separate determinations on either Zr(HP04)2 H20 or a-Zr(HP04)2 cannot he considered independent, and therefore, the uncertainties on the average value has been chosen to span the full range of uncertainty in the individual values. The values so determined in the present review are ... 

On the basis of the central limit theorem, the standard deviation of means 5, is given by... 

Fig. 1 Mean serum values of healthy controls (PI) and idiopathic unc acid stone formers (0). T = 1 standard deviation of mean HCO3 = bicarbonate n = number of observations.

Finally, Table 35 shows the scores of the cases and controls on the subsidiary set of psychological test variables (comprising the standard deviations of mean reaction time responses on ten different measures). Only one variable showed a significant difference between groups the solvent abusers showed greater variability of reaction times when correctly using the right hand to respond on the inhibitory version of the two-choice RT task. 

SUBSIDIARY PSYCHOLOGICAL TEST MEASURES STANDARD DEVIATIONS OF MEAN (WITHIN-SUBJECT) REACTION TIME RESPONSES IN PAIRS MATCHED FOR ETHNIC BACKGROUND... 

The tower was also used for visualization of sprays by high-speed videography. Spray droplet size distributions were measured by a laser diffraction spectroscopic device (Spraytec Malvern Instruments). A set of experiments was performed and in triplicate for the same emulsion. The standard deviation of mean drop size of the same emulsion at similar processing conditions within such triplicate experimental series was found to be < 2 %. 

CYCLES TO FAIL AT A MAXIMUM CYCLIC COMPRESSIVE STRESS OF 180 MPa. CYCLES JOINED BY VERTICAL BARS ARE NOT SIGNIFICANTLY DEFFERENT. STANDARD DEVIATIONS OF MEAN CYCLES TO FAIL IN PARENTHESES. 

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