Treaty

Collaborative R D has been carried out since the inception of the European Community and the The Maastricht Treaty made R D one of the priority policies of the European Union... 

At the end of World War 1, Hungary lost more than half of its former territory and population in the Versailles (Trianon) treaties. At the... 

Thorium, uranium, and plutonium are well known for their role as the basic fuels (or sources of fuel) for the release of nuclear energy (5). The importance of the remainder of the actinide group Hes at present, for the most part, in the realm of pure research, but a number of practical appHcations are also known (6). The actinides present a storage-life problem in nuclear waste disposal and consideration is being given to separation methods for their recovery prior to disposal (see Waste treati nt, hazardous waste Nuclear reactors, waste managet nt). 

Hexafluorozirconic acid is used ia metal finishing and cleaning of metal surfaces, whereas the fluorozirconates are used in the manufacture of abrasive grinding wheels, in aluminum metallurgy, ceramics industry, glass manufacturing, in electrolytic cells, in the preparation of fluxes, and as a fire retardant (see Abrasives Metal surface treati nts). 

The organo chlorine compounds are more expensive than inorganic chlorine compounds, but offer improved stabiUty against photolytic breakdown ia swimming pools (21). Swimming pool sanitation is generally accompHshed with 1—3 ppm free chlorine residual (see CHLORAMINES AND BROMAMINES Water, treati nt of swifting pools, spas, and hot tubs). ... 

North Adantic Treaty Organization (NATO) MiUtary Committee Conference of National Armaments Dkectors 1110 Bmssels, Belgium... 

As of 1995, there were no nuclear fuel reprocessing plants operating in the United States. Other nuclear nations have constmcted second- or third-generation reprocessing faciUties. These nations have signed the nuclear nonproliferation treaty, and the faciUties are under the purview of the International Atomic Energy Agency (IAEA). 

In addition, under the Nonproliferation Treaty, which most larger nations have signed, the IAEA monitors plutonium from power reactors so as to detect covert diversion. 

Colloquim on the Patent Cooperation Treaty, World Intellectual Property Organization, 1993. 

Wodd Intellectual Property Organization, Patent Cooperation Treaty (PCT) and Regulations Under the PCT (As in Forcefrom July 1, 1992), WIPO, 1992. 

Because each country has its own patent laws, the precise meaning of the bibhographic data and the legal significance of the pubUshed patent document vary from country to country. The Patent Cooperation Treaty (PCT) provides a recommended code to distinguish the various types of documents and to simplify storage and retrieval of patent data (2), but the code is implemented differentiy by different countries. For example, in the United States an A-document in 1995 was a patent in the Nethedands, an A-document was a pubUshed unexamined appHcation. It is essential to understand each country s system to interpret the status of its patent documents. 

All countries listed are included in Patent Cooperation Treaty (PCT) except for Argentina, Cuba, Cypress, Egypt, the former GDR, Hong Kong, India, Israel, Malaysia, Malta, Philippines, South Africa, Taiwan, the former Yugoslavia, Zambia, and Zimbabwe. 

Standard Code for Identification of Different Kinds of Patent Documents, "Patent Cooperation Treaty," Annex C. 

In 1994, the former European Economic Community (EEC or EC) became the European Union. It originated as the Common Market created by the Treaty of Paris ia 1951 and the Treaty of Rome ia 1958. Greece joined in 1981, Spain and Portugal in 1984, and Austria, Einland, and Sweden in 1994. 

TSCA also addresses the problem of polychlorinated biphenyls (PCBs) and chlorinated fluorocarbons (CECs). EPA has developed regulations on the cleanup, handling, and disposal of PCBs. The manufacture and use of CECs has been banned for all but essential uses, in accordance with the Montreal Agreement, an international treaty on worldwide use of CECs. 

Acid cleaners based on sulfamic acid are used in a large variety of appHcations, eg, air-conditioning systems marine equipment, including salt water stills wells (water, oil, and gas) household equipment, eg, copper-ware, steam irons, humidifiers, dishwashers, toilet bowls, and brick and other masonry tartar removal of false teeth (50) dairy equipment, eg, pasteurizers, evaporators, preheaters, and storage tanks industrial boilers, condensers, heat exchangers, and preheaters food-processing equipment brewery equipment (see Beer) sugar evaporators and paper-mill equipment (see also Evaporation Metal surface treati nts Pulp). 

Alkylphenol ethoxylates are chemically stable and highly versatile surfactants that find appHcation in a large variety of industrial products including acid and alkaline metal cleaning formulations, hospital cleaners, herbicides (qv) and insecticides, oil-weU drilling fluids, synthetic latices, and many others (see Disinfectants AND antiseptics Elastop rs, synthetic Insect control technology Metal surface treati nts Pesticides Petroleum, drilling fluids). 

Corrosion and corrosion inhibitors Metal surface treati nts Metallic coatings). 

International copyright treaties foUow the principle of national treatment. Each member country treats nationals of other countries at least as weU as it treats its own nationals. 

Copyright Taws and Treaties of the World, Unesco, Paris, and Bureau of National Affairs, Washington, D.C., 1990. The complete text of every country s copyright statute. 

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