Policy, transport

Because eveiy means of transportation requires energy for propulsion, how energy is used in transportation is something that is carefully tracked by the Office of Transportation Policy Development within the Department of Transportation (DOT). The transportation sector felt the greatest impact from the oil supply disruptions in the 1970s because it was, and continues to be, the sector most dependent on oil. It is also the sector with the least flexibility to switch fuels, (see also Consumption)... 

Shoup, D. (1997). Evaluating the Effects of Cashing Out Employer-Paid Parking Eight Case Studies. Transport Policy 4(4). 

Sierra Club. (1990). Heading the Wrong Way Redirecting California s Transportation Policies. Sacramento, CA Author. 

Schade, W. (2005). Strategic Sustainability Analysis Concept and Application for the Assessment of European Transport Policy. Baden-Baden Nomos Verlag. 

Table 19.5. Policy goals and instruments for sustainable transport policy... 

EC (1992). The Future Development of the Common Transport Policy - A Global... 

EC (2001). European Transport Policy for 2010 Time to Decide. Luxembourg Office for official publications of the European Communities, European Commission. 

Nakamura, H., Hayashi, Y. and May, A. D. (eds.) (2004). Urban Transport and the Environment - An International Perspective. World Conference on Transportation Research Society and Institute for Transport Policy Studies. Amsterdam Elsevier. 

Schade, W. et al. (2006). COMPETE -Analysis of the Contribution of Transport Policies to the Competitiveness of the EU Economy and Comparison with the United States. Final Report to the European Commission. Fraunhofer ISI, Karlsruhe. 

For many years the implementation of transportation policies, and all others, followed a logically structured cycle of allocative decisions based on a rational approach that is usually illustrated with four main steps specification of objectives development of alternatives by which the objectives may be accomplished evaluation of the consequences of each alternative and finally, selection of the action that maximizes the net benefit according to decision-makers criteria and valuations. 

European Commission, 2001b, Future Needs and Challenges for Non-Nuclear Energy Research in the European Union, Discussion Paper European Commission, 2001c, White Paper - European transport policy for 2010 time to decide, COM (2001) 370... 

C. L. Dearing and W. Owen, National Transportation Polity, The Brookings Institution, Washington, D.C., 1949. Eady postwar study of national transportation policy calling for reform of regulation, which ultimately led to revisions of recent years the Motor Carrier Piet of 1980, Public Law 96-296 (94 Stat. 793), and the Staggers RailPict of 1980, Public Law 96-448 (94 Stat. 1895). 

Cameron, I., Lyons, T. J., et al. (2004) Trends in vehicle kilometres of travel in world cities, 1960-1990 underlying drivers and policy responses. Transportation Policy, 11 287. 

These ideas will be exemplified with two support systems being developed for energy and transport policy formulation. 

D. Gee, Approaches to Scientific Uncertainty, in A. Fletcher and A. McMichael, Eds., Health at the Crossroads Transport Policy and Urban Health, John Wiley Sons, London, 1997, pp. 27 -50. 

Kurani, K. S., T. Turrentine, and D. Sperling. 1994. Demand for Electric Vehicles in Hybrid Households An Exploratory Analysis. Transport Policy 1 (October) 244-256. 

European Commission. 2001a. "European Transport Policy for 2010 Time to Decide." White Paper, adopted by the EC on September 12, 2001, COM (2001) 370 final. 

The negotiations proved very difficult, since greenhouse gas emissions were inextricably linked with energy, industry, land use, and transportation policies — the building blocks of modern economies, both North and South. The interrelated aspects of the problem meant that there were no c]uick or obvious solutions. Mitigation policies would entail major changes in the ways that people lived, worked, and consumed. 

For the chemical supply chain, the focus will be on biohazardous waste and the reduction of bioterrorism. Packaging and transportation policies will be transformed. For high-tech and electronics, it will be about waste and disposal. This will be an impetus for remanufacturing processes. 

Another important issue is that engineering activities can in some circumstances have deleterious effects on health, mostly as unintended consequences of otherwise desirable activities. Hence, a further form of entanglement of the activities of engineers and healthcare professionals is the increased awareness in the medical profession of the effects of engineering policy and activities on health. One example of such awareness will be analysed, the effects of transport infrastructure and policy on health. This suggests that transport policy should prioritise ability to access and physically active transport rather than the ability to travel, hence effectively promoting both the welfare and agency of beneficiaries. 

Institution of Mechanical Engineers, Road. Pricing Policy, Transport Policy Statement 09/01 (IMechE, London, 2009)... 

Highway 2002. A Guide to Highway Vulnerability Assessment for Critical Asset Identification and Protection. National Cooperative Highway Research Program Project 20-07/Task 151B, Science Applications International Corporation-Transportation Policy and Analysis Center, Vienna. 

The Department of Transportation (DOT) was established by an Act of Congress on October 15, 1966. The mission focuses on ensuring a fast, safe, efficient, accessible, and convenient transportation system that meets vital national interests. The DOT secretary oversees the formulation of national transportation policy and promotes intermodal transportation. Other responsibilities range... 

Penghu is being developed as a natural resort and an environmental friendly island. The carbon island development project combines local features with different low carbon actions and appUcations to create a better environment. The lO analysis and LQ methods are used to assess the industrial sectors CF. And then the smdy analyzes the green transportation policy and evaluates its benefits toward CO2 emissions reduction [1, 2]. 

Afterward, the mathematical model with causal feedback relationships is con-stmcted based on the proposed green transportation strategy (Fig. 26.4). The variables are identified and relevant equations are established based on the feedbacks and cause-and-effect loops. Next, we introduce sub-model of the green transportation policy. 

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