Sustainability Analysis

The models used to perform the indicators analysis in SustainPro are presented below (Eqs. 1.18-1.22) (Uerdingen et al., 2003)  

Prerequisite input Mass and energy balance (stream table) Component properties Reactions Duty of unit operations 

Energy and waste cost (EWC) The indicator of overall process costs related to utility consumption and waste heatment of a component path flow—for OP and CP. A high value of EWC means that the given path carries important units of energy that could be used for heat integration within the system but are being discarded instead  

Reaction quality (RQ) The indicator of the process productivity. A positive value (0-1) shows that a certain compound in a given path has a positive contribution to the process productivity. On the other hand, a negative value means that the given path has 

Accumulation factor (AF) The indicator that reflects the accumulation behavior of the compounds that are being recycled within the system, meaning that the recycle flow rate of a certain compound (a certain representative path in the system) is being evaluated regarding the amount of fresh compound that is being added to the system  

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Asif M, Muneer T, Kubie J (2005) Sustainability analysis of window frames. Build Serv Eng Res Technol 26(l) 71-87... 

Schade, W. (2005). Strategic Sustainability Analysis Concept and Application for the Assessment of European Transport Policy. Baden-Baden Nomos Verlag. 

An opponent of Lavoisier was Joseph Priestley, whose life has been ritually celebrated at the so-called Priestley Conferences organized jointly by BOC and the Royal Society of Chemistry. The last occasion for a sustained analysis of his life and work was at the 250th anniversary of his birth, just before the period covered by this book.66 There has also been a reprinting of two of Priestley s political works, though they say little about his science.67 Another chemist who was reluctant to accept the new chemistry (at least at first) was Humphry Davy, and another two volumes have been added to the long list of his biographies.68,69... 

Fleat and mass integration Sustainability analysis Safety analysis Linking of business decisions and process design... 

In the spring of 2013, Teijin Aramid, has developed a computer tool, aimed at calculating the benefits of replacing steel wire ropes by equivalent synthetic aramid ropes in mine hoisting. The Customer Benefit Model (CBM) includes the recycling and production of the rope, however it is recognized that the dominant factor is the use-phase. The CBM can be extended to include the make phase as well as the recycle phase of the ropes. This would represent the total lifecycle approach which is often used in eco-efficiency and sustainability analysis. 

If utilities are generated inside the facility, such as cooling water, the capital cost for outside the battery limits facilities are evaluated by APEA. Using the specified indirect cost, discount rate, tax, and interest, the discounted cash flow and the economic indicators are generated by APEA with the method described in Section Economic Sustainability Analysis. Parameters for economic evaluations and prices of the raw materials and products are shown in Table 6.8. Utility costs for electricity, steam, and... 

For the retrofit action, which does not affect the external stakeholders, the process assessment area is the most suitable boundary for sustainability analysis (Fig. 11.2). In the process assessment, the areas of improvement are the traditional economic indicators applied to retrofit design analysis. The operational results as well as the investment analysis of the proposed retrofit designs are accounted for. The operational results are the traditional indicators applied by engineers in retrofit design assessment [12]. They should be always contemplated, since after the implementation of a retrofit design those costs are going to be incurred at least for the next 5 years (minimum lifetime for a project). Regarding the operational results, several authors point out different aspects that should... 

Zamagni A, Buttol P, Buonamici R, Masoni P, Guinee JB, Huppes G, et al. D20 blue paper on life cycle sustainability analysis deliverable 20 of work package 7 of the CALCAS project. 2009 [cited 2014 Aug 10]. Available from http //www.leidenuniv.nl/cml/ssp/publications/calcas report d20.pdf. 

Since a sustainable economic outcome must be achieved for any new process technology or proposed modification for commercial-scale use, chapter Sustainable Engineering Economic and Profitabihty Analysis addresses how sustainability analysis strongly impacts process economics and vice versa. In addition, some methodologies and approaches for capturing these impacts and interactions during process design are proposed. 

Step 6. Sustainability analysis with respect to resources consumption and environmental impact... 

Sustainability Analysis with Respect to Resource Consumption and Environmental Impact... 

Step 6 Sustainability analysis with respect to resource consumption and environmental impact In this section, the two highest ranking optimal processing paths identified with respect to the techno-economical metrics presented in Figures 1.9 and 1.10 were selected for further analysis with respect to the following sustainability metrics, resource consumption and enviromnental impact, using two software tools, SustainPro and LCSoft, respectively. 

The simulation results obtained from the sustainability analysis for two processing paths are presented in Tables 1.10,1.11,1.12, and 1.13. Tables 1.10 and 1.11 present the potential of improvement and the path flow details of the first optimal processing path (Figure 1.9), respectively. Tables 1.12 and 1.13 present the potential of improvement and the path flow details of the second optimal processing path (Figure 1.10). The potential of improvement is here related to the ability to change the process path flow with the aim of increasing the process sustainability. 

In summary, the framework presented is a promising tool to represent the ever-increasing number of biorefinery alternatives with their competing technologies and routes and help evaluate them at their optimality for early-stage design and analysis purposes in terms of techno-economic analysis. Sustainability analysis and environmental impact assessment are included in the framework which enables a more detailed and comprehensive analysis of the biorefinery alternatives. The framework helps formulate a multicriteria evaluation (techno-economic, environmental impact, and sustainability analysis) of the biorefinery concept. 

Sadhukhan, J., Ng, K.S., Martinez-Hemandez, E. (2014) Biorefineries and Chemical Processes Design, Integration and Sustainability Analysis, John Wiley Sons, Ltd, Chichester. 

Piluso, C., Huang, Y., 2008. Ecological input-output analysis-based sustainability analysis of industrial systems. Industrial and Engineering Chemistry Research 47 (6), 1955-1966. 

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