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Tough

Nylon A class of synthetic fibres and plastics, polyamides. Manufactured by condensation polymerization of ct, oj-aminomonocarboxylic acids or of aliphatic diamines with aliphatic dicarboxylic acids. Also rormed specifically, e.g. from caprolactam. The different Nylons are identified by reference to the carbon numbers of the diacid and diamine (e.g. Nylon 66 is from hexamethylene diamine and adipic acid). Thermoplastic materials with high m.p., insolubility, toughness, impact resistance, low friction. Used in monofilaments, textiles, cables, insulation and in packing materials. U.S. production 1983 11 megatonnes. [Pg.284]

Flashovers in most cases do not affect the integrity of the tube. For this reason, seasoning of new tubes may be frist and operating eonditions can be eleetrieaUy tough. [Pg.534]

A method that would enable detection and classification of the bone content in 100% of the incoming frozen fish blocks in real time without delaying the production line was desired. An obvious solution to this was the use of X-ray inspection. X-ray inspection however requires the integration of a highly sensitive inspection equipment with the corrosive atmosphere associated with food processing as well as the tough restrictions imposed by the health authorities regarding irradiation of food. [Pg.587]

The ground bed, for example, of the Russian railway roads used in very tough operating and natural conditions, its defects and deformations present a real threat to the safe trains running and reduce the passage capacity of the railway lines. [Pg.913]

Pusey P N and Tough R A 1985 Dynamic Light Scattering ed R Pecora (New York Plenum) ch 4... [Pg.1418]

The crude organic material is placed in a porous thimble G (made of tough filter-paper), and the latter placed as shown within the inner tube C. The apparatus is then fitted below to a bolt-head flask H containing the requisite solvent, and above to a reflux water-condenser J. [Pg.38]

Ethylene. Under the influence of pressure and a catalyst, ethylene yields a white, tough but flexible waxy sohd, known as Polythene. Polyethylene possesses excellent electric insulation properties and high water resistance it has a low specific gravity and a low softening point (about 110°). The chemical inertness oi Polythene has found application in the manufacture of many items of apparatus for the laboratory. It is a useful lubricant for ground glass connexions, particularly at relatively high temperatures. [Pg.1015]

Tetrafluoroethylene. Emulsion polymerisation of tetrafluoroethylene, catalysed by oxygen, yields polytetrafluoroethylene (Tejlon) as a very tough horn-hke material of high melting point. It possesses excellent electrical insulation properties and a remarkable inertness towards all chemical reagents, including aqua regia. [Pg.1015]

Polyamides from diamines and dibasic acids. The polyamides formed from abphatic diamines (ethylene- to decamethylene-diamine) and abphatic dibasic acids (oxabc to sebacic acid) possess the unusual property of forming strong fibres. By suitable treatment, the fibres may be obtained quite elastic and tough, and retain a high wet strength. These prpperties render them important from the commercial point of view polyamides of this type are cabed nylons The Nylon of commerce (a 66 Nylon, named after number of carbon atoms in the two components) is prepared by heating adipic acid and hexamethylenediamine in an autoclave ... [Pg.1019]

Iron is hard, brittle, fairly fusible, and is used to produce other alloys, including steel. Wrought iron contains only a few tenths of a percent of carbon, is tough, malleable, less fusible, and has usually a "fibrous" structure. [Pg.58]

Commercially produced elastic materials have a number of additives. Fillers, such as carbon black, increase tensile strength and elasticity by forming weak cross links between chains. This also makes a material stilfer and increases toughness. Plasticizers may be added to soften the material. Determining the effect of additives is generally done experimentally, although mesoscale methods have the potential to simulate this. [Pg.313]

The dream of every X chemist is to get that amine function directly on the safrole molecule without having to go thru any intermediate such as the ketone of MD-P2P or the bromine of bromosafrole. But Strike can tell you right now that that is very, very tough (that is why there ain t no methods for it). About the only article Strike has ever found for the actual placement of an amine directly on a terminal alkene (a.k.a. safrole) is the following [79] ... [Pg.183]

All the double bonds in rubber have the Z (or cis) con figuration A different polymer of isoprene called gutta-percha has shorter polymer chains and E (or trans) double bonds Gutta percha is a tough horn like substance once used as a material for golf ball covers ... [Pg.408]

These cellulose esters form tough, strong, stiff, hard plastics with almost unlimited color possibilities. Articles made from these plastics have a high gloss and are suitable for use in contact with food. [Pg.1015]

Key properties of cellulose nitrate are good dimensional stability, low water absorption, and toughness. Its disadvantages are its flammability and lack of stability to heat and sunlight. [Pg.1015]

Although not as resistant as cellulose esters to acids, it is much more resistant to bases. An outstanding feature is its toughness at low temperatures. [Pg.1015]

This thermoplastic shows good tensile strength, toughness, low water absorption, and good frictional properties, plus good chemical resistance and electrical properties. [Pg.1019]

Flexible foams are used in mattresses, cushions, and safety applications. Rigid and semiflexible foams are used in structural applications and to encapsulate sensitive components to protect them against shock, vibration, and moisture. Foam coatings are tough, hard, flexible, and chemically resistant. [Pg.1022]

Panasyuk V.V., Andreikiv A.V., Kovchik S.E. (1977) Methods of estimating the fracture toughness of structural materials. Kiev (in Russian). [Pg.383]


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Adhesion fracture toughness

Adhesive fracture toughness

Alloys fracture toughness values

Alumina Fracture toughness

Alumina toughness

Aluminium fracture toughness

Aluminum oxide fracture toughness

Blend properties toughness

Blended polymers toughness enhancement

Block copolymers toughness enhancement

Brittle and Tough Fracture

Brittle tough

Brittle-tough transition temperature

CTBN, epoxy toughness

CTBN, epoxy toughness Particle sizes

CTBN, epoxy toughness Structure

Canasite glass-ceramics fracture toughness

Carbonates toughness

Ceramic composites fracture toughness

Ceramic toughness

Ceramics fracture toughness

Ceramics fracture toughness values

Ceramics, tough

Coating fracture toughness

Commodity plastics toughness

Composite matrices, tough

Composites interlaminar toughness

Compressive toughness

Controlled fracture in tough polymers

Cooling toughness

Copolymer correlation, toughness

Copper Tough-pitch

Core-shell particles, toughness enhancement

Correlation, toughness index

Crack-arrest toughness test

Creep Fracture toughness

Critical fracture toughness

Current standard of fracture toughness curve

Cutting tool materials 101-5 abrasion resistance toughness

Definition of tough and brittle behaviour in polymers

Deformation and toughness

Design of tough ceramic laminates by residual stresses control

Designing, plastics toughness

Determination of Intrinsic Toughness

Determining fracture toughness by indentation hardness testing

Different manifestations of toughness in polymers

Ductility tough materials

Dynamic fracture toughness

Dynamic initiation fracture toughness

ELI Fracture Toughness

Edge toughness

Effect of Toughness on FCGR

Effects of irradiation on fracture toughness

Electrolytic tough-pitch copper

Embrittlement evaluating fracture toughness

Enamel fracture toughness

Enamel toughness

Engineering plastics toughness

Environmental effects toughness properties

Epoxy resin fracture toughness

Epoxy systems, toughness

Evaluating fracture toughness

Experimental Determination of Fracture Toughness

Experimental techniques fracture toughness

Experimental techniques toughness

Extrinsic mechanisms, toughness

Extrinsic toughness

Fatigue toughness

Fiber pull-out toughness

Fiber tough-brittle transition

Fill time Fracture toughness

Fillers toughness considerations

Flexural toughness

Fluid Effects on the Fracture Toughness, Fatigue Response, and Impact Resistance of Polymeric Composites

Fractme toughness

Fracture Toughness (Klc)

Fracture Toughness Characterization of Nanocomposites

Fracture Toughness Theories

Fracture Toughness of Dental

Fracture Toughness, Structural Alloys

Fracture Toughness, Structural Alloys Systems

Fracture Toughness, Structural Alloys Temperatures

Fracture intrinsic toughness, determination

Fracture toughness

Fracture toughness SEPB method

Fracture toughness SEVNB method

Fracture toughness analysis

Fracture toughness bridging

Fracture toughness ceramic-matrix composites

Fracture toughness characterization

Fracture toughness characterization nanocomposites

Fracture toughness composites

Fracture toughness crack bowing

Fracture toughness crack extension plot

Fracture toughness crack opening displacement

Fracture toughness cure temperature dependence

Fracture toughness curve

Fracture toughness dispersion-reinforced glass-matrix composites

Fracture toughness enhancement

Fracture toughness epoxies

Fracture toughness equation

Fracture toughness from load variation

Fracture toughness glass matrix composites

Fracture toughness glass-ceramic matrix composites

Fracture toughness hardness equations

Fracture toughness increase

Fracture toughness measurement

Fracture toughness metals

Fracture toughness mullite composites

Fracture toughness of SCF-reinforced composites

Fracture toughness of adhesives

Fracture toughness of ceramics

Fracture toughness of composites

Fracture toughness of glass

Fracture toughness of interfaces

Fracture toughness of metals

Fracture toughness of polymers

Fracture toughness parameter

Fracture toughness particle

Fracture toughness particle features

Fracture toughness polymers

Fracture toughness sample thickness effect

Fracture toughness stress equation

Fracture toughness techniques

Fracture toughness temperature

Fracture toughness test

Fracture toughness testing

Fracture toughness testing results

Fracture toughness versus Charpy impact energy

Fracture toughness whisker reinforced alumina

Fracture toughness woods

Fracture toughness, calculation

Fracture toughness, definition

Fracture toughness, impact resistance

General properties toughness

Glasses fracture toughness

Heterogeneous polymers, toughness

Heterogeneous polymers, toughness enhancement

High impact polystyrene toughness enhancement

High toughness

INDEX fracture toughness

Impact fracture toughness

Impact modification Balancing stiffness with toughness

Impact strength toughness

Impact testing, tough-brittle transition

Impact toughness, particle size, morphology

Improvements in Toughness

Improving Toughness

Indentation Fracture Toughness

Indentation toughness

Interface comer toughness

Interface fracture toughness

Interface toughness

Interfacial fracture toughness

Interfacial fracture toughness (Mode

Interlaminar Fracture Toughness with Interface Control

Interlaminar fracture toughness

Interlaminar toughness

Interpretation of Data for Plane Strain Fracture Toughness Testing

Intrinsic mechanisms, toughness

Intrinsic toughness

Irradiation crack-arrest toughness

Irradiation ductile fracture toughness

Irradiation dynamic fracture toughness

Irradiation toughness

Izod impact toughness

Loss of Toughness

Material fracture toughness

Material properties toughness

Material toughness

Materials science toughness

Matrix toughness

Measurement of Fracture Toughness

Mechanical Properties (Modulus, Strength, and Toughness)

Mechanical properties fracture toughness

Mechanical properties toughness

Mechanical property measurement toughness

Mechanical strength and toughness

Mechanical toughness

Mechanics and Fracture Toughness Theories

Membrane toughness

Methods for interface toughness measurement

MoSi2-base composites fracture toughness

Mode I interlaminar fracture toughness

Mode II interlaminar fracture toughness

Modulus of toughness

Nanocomposites toughness

Notch toughness

PMMA, fracture toughness

Physical aging toughness

Physical toughness

Pipeline toughness

Plain strain fracture toughness

Plane strain fracture toughness selected materials

Plane-strain fracture toughness

Plane-strain fracture toughness testing

Poly fracture toughness

Poly imide toughness

Polycarbonate toughness

Polycrystalline fracture toughness

Polymer blends toughness

Polymers fracture toughness values

Polymers toughness/impact strength

Polypropylene rubber-toughed

Polypropylene stiffness/toughness properties

Polypropylene toughness

Polypropylene, filled, toughness

Polystyrene toughness

Product design toughness

Quasi-static fracture toughness

RIGID AND TOUGH

Reactive toughness

Reactor pressure vessel toughness requirements

Recovery fracture toughness

Reference fracture toughness curve

Reference toughness curve

Role of Rubber Particle Size on Polyamide Toughness

SOFT AND TOUGH

Semicrystalline polymers toughness enhancement

Silicon carbide fracture toughness

Silicon fracture toughness

Silicon nitride ceramics fracture toughness

Silicon nitride fracture toughness

Sodium fracture toughness

Static toughness

Steel, strength-toughness

Steels plane strain fracture toughness

Stiffness and toughness

Stiffness-toughness balance

Strength and Fracture Toughness

Strength and Toughness

Strength fracture toughness equation

Stress fracture toughness, defined

Stress intensity factor (fracture toughness

Stress-strain curve, toughness

Structural integrity fracture toughness

Structural integrity material fracture toughness

Subject fracture toughness

Super tough nylon

Super-tough material

TOUGHNESS AND BRITTLENESS OF PLASTICS

Testing, tough-brittle transition

Theories of fracture toughness parameters

Thermosets fracture toughness

Threshold toughness

Titanium fracture toughness

Total Fracture Toughness Theories

Total fracture toughness

Tough Toughness

Tough composites

Tough fracture

Tough integral

Tough laminates

Tough love

Tough materials

Tough matrix material

Tough nylon

Tough plastic

Tough polymers

Tough polymers controlled fracture

Tough polymers crack opening displacement

Tough questions

Tough window

Tough-brittle transition

Toughness

Toughness Characterization

Toughness Charpy test

Toughness Considerations

Toughness Izod test

Toughness amorphous matrix polymers

Toughness and Brittleness

Toughness and endurance

Toughness arrest

Toughness assessment

Toughness assessment of impact strength

Toughness bimodal system

Toughness blended polymers

Toughness block copolymer yielding

Toughness bottom line

Toughness comparing tests

Toughness composites

Toughness decay effects

Toughness definition

Toughness dentin

Toughness directed metal oxidation

Toughness drop testing

Toughness enhancement

Toughness evaluation

Toughness factor

Toughness fatigue fracture

Toughness fracture mechanics

Toughness high-speed tensile tests

Toughness high-temperature alloys

Toughness impact

Toughness impact resistance

Toughness improved

Toughness improvement

Toughness increase

Toughness index

Toughness initiation

Toughness instrumented impact tests

Toughness measurement

Toughness measuring

Toughness modifiers

Toughness moisture effects

Toughness notch sensitivity

Toughness of PVC

Toughness of composites

Toughness of materials

Toughness of plastics

Toughness of polymer

Toughness plastics mechanical behavior

Toughness polyacetals

Toughness polymers

Toughness projectile testing

Toughness properties

Toughness requirements

Toughness semicrystalline matrix

Toughness semicrystalline polymers

Toughness steels

Toughness stress-intensity factor

Toughness stress-strain behavior

Toughness sudden impact

Toughness tear resistance

Toughness tensile

Toughness tensile impact

Toughness to Thermoset Resin Systems

Toughness transformation toughening

Toughness weld metal

Toughness window glass

Toughness, construction materials

Toughness, extrinsic intrinsic

Toughness, fracture alumina-filled composites

Toughness, low-temperature

Toughness, measure

Toughness, unit

Transverse Fracture Toughness with Interface Control

Transverse fracture toughness

Upper-shelf fracture toughness

Validation of toughness assessment methodology by RPV SAW sampling

Whisker-reinforced ceramic composites high-toughness

Whitened zone toughness

Wollastonite fracture toughness

Zirconia fracture toughness

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