Diamines, aliphatic

Since 1935, when Carothers discovered the fiber-forming properties of polyamides, many chemists in the world have studied the synthesis of the raw materials for various polyamides, aliphatic diamines, aliphatic dibasic acids, caprolactam, and the w-amino fatty acids. The known synthetic routes to polyamides from w-amino fatty acids are as follows ... 

The non-microsomal oxidation is catalysed by enzymes that are free in the cellular plasma or by relatively non-specific enzymes present in the mitochondrial fraction of the homogenized tissue of liver cells. Two of these enzymes which are particularly important are monoaminooxidase, catalysing the metabolism of primary amines and controlling the level of biogenic amines, and diaminooxidase, catalysing selectively the oxidation of one out of two amino groups of diamines. Aliphatic alcohols are oxidized by the alcohol dehydrogenase to aldehydes. This reaction is reversible and the same enzyme participates in the reduction of aldehydes and ketones to alcohols [7]. 

Novel PA were prepared by polycondensation between diacids and diamines catalysed by l,5,7-triazabicyclo[4.4.0]dec-5-ene (TBD) in a very interesting study described by Meier and Mutlu [16]. In this study, unsaturated C20 chain PA with a Tm 180-226 °C were synthesised by polycondensation of the SM product of 10-undecenoic acid and various diamines. Fradet and colleagues studied various diamines (aliphatic, cycloaliphatic, benzylic) and used the same methodology [17, 18]. 

Diamines. Aliphatic diamines react with CS2 to give betaines (8). After pyrolysis of (8), cyclic thiourea derivatives are obtained (eq 6). ... 

Nylon A class of synthetic fibres and plastics, polyamides. Manufactured by condensation polymerization of ct, oj-aminomonocarboxylic acids or of aliphatic diamines with aliphatic dicarboxylic acids. Also rormed specifically, e.g. from caprolactam. The different Nylons are identified by reference to the carbon numbers of the diacid and diamine (e.g. Nylon 66 is from hexamethylene diamine and adipic acid). Thermoplastic materials with high m.p., insolubility, toughness, impact resistance, low friction. Used in monofilaments, textiles, cables, insulation and in packing materials. U.S. production 1983 11 megatonnes. 

B) Secondary amines, (i) Aromatic amines. Monomethyl and monoethylaniline, diphenylamine. (ii) Aliphatic and other amines. Diethyhmine, di-n-propylamine, di-isopropylamine. Also piperidine piperazine diethylene-diamine). 

The United States accounts for about a third of the world s consumption of cyclohexane, or 3.785 x 10 m /yr (about 1 biUion gallons per year). U.S. producers and their 1990 capacities are Hsted in Table 13. Texaco has aimounced that it is leaving the cyclohexane business, but the timing is not yet certain. Over 90% of all cyclohexane goes to the production of nylon through either adipic acid (qv) or caprolactam (qv). The balance is used to produce 1,6-hexamethylenediamine [124-09-4] (HMD A) and for various solvent uses (see Diamines and higher amines, aliphatic Polyamides). 

Aliphatic Isocyanates. Aflphatic diisocyanates have traditionally commanded a premium price because the aflphatic amine precursors ate mote expensive than aromatic diamines. They ate most commonly used in appHcafions which support the added cost or where the long-term performance of aromatic isocyanates is unacceptable. Monofuncfional aflphatic isocyanates, such as methyl and -butyl isocyanate, ate used as intermediates in the production of carbamate-based and urea-based insecticides and fungicides (see Fungicides, agricultural Insectcontroltechnology). 

The aliphatic diamine and polyamine family encompasses a wide range of multiftmctional, multireactive compounds. This family includes etiiylenediamine... 

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