Tobacco history

Borio, Gene. Tobacco Timeline. Tobacco.org. Available online. URL http //www.tobacco.org/resources/history/tobacco history.html. Downloaded December 7, 2003. A detailed chronological account of developments in tobacco use, advertising, marketing, and the movement against smoking. 

A 40-year-old man with cough, shortness of breath, and fever progressed to respiratory failure. He had smoked cocaine for the previous 17 years. His tobacco history was not known. His medical history included recurrent respiratory tract infections. A chest X-ray and CT scan showed findings consistent with bilateral bullous emphysema with a right lung abscess. He was ventilated and given antibiotics but died from respiratory failure secondary to pneumonia. Sputum cultures... 

A Brief History of Tobacco. Available from . 

Dyslipidemia Microalbuminuria Family history Central obesity Physical inactivity Tobacco use... 

Assess the patient s medical history for pertinent drug allergies, tobacco use, and current prescription and nonprescription drug therapies. Determine if any of the medications could exacerbate IBD. If applicable, inquire about adherence or recent changes to the patient s current IBD drug regimen. 

Cluster headache disorders are the most uncommon and severe primary headache syndromes.9 The estimated point prevalence is less than 1%. Unlike migraine and TTH, cluster headaches occur more frequently in men. Onset commonly occurs prior to age 30.6 A genetic predisposition seems apparent, although affected individuals often provide a history of tobacco use and alcohol abuse.6 Attacks consist of debilitating, unilateral head pains that occur in series lasting up to months at a time, but that remit over months to years between occurrences. In rare instances, cluster headache can be a chronic disorder without remissions.4... 

Obtain a thorough medication use history, including present and past drugs prescription and nonprescription drugs the patient s self-assessment of response and side-effect problems use of alcohol, tobacco, caffeine, and illicit substances and use of herbal products and dietary supplements, as well as any allergies and adherence difficulties. 

Other factors associated with the risk of NMSC include exposure to ionizing radiation and arsenic, which is connected with BCC. Chemical carcinogens that give rise to NMSC include industrial hydrocarbons that are found in coal tars, soot, asphalt, paraffin waxes, and tobacco.21 Exposure to the human papilloma virus (HPV-6, -11, -16, and -18) has been linked to SCC.31 Lastly, a personal history of previous melanoma is a risk factor for developing another primary melanoma. 

The diagnosis of COPD is based in part on the patient s symptoms and a history of exposure to risk factors such as tobacco smoke and occupational exposures. 

Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC) (1994) Surveillance for selected tobacco-use behaviors - United States, 1900-1994, Morb Mortal Wkly Rep 43(3) 1 3 Charlton A (2004) Medicinal uses of tobacco in history, J R Soc Med 97(6) 292-296 Christofides N (2003) Tobacco control and sustainable development in Africa, INWAT workshop presentations from the 12th world conference on tobacco or health, 24 Nov 2007, http //www,inwat,org/ppp/inwatmain,htm. Last accessed 20 Oct 2008 Derezic D, Zurak N, Marekovic Z (2001) Tobacco extract used as a remedy for urinary retention 150 years ago by the native population of the Balkans, J Ethnopharmacol 76(1) 133 Doll R (1999) Tobacco a medical history, J Urban Health 76(3) 289-313... 

Pomerleau OF, Hughes JR (2005) With a little help from its friends a brief history of the Society for Research on Nicotine and Tobacco. Nicotine Tob Res 6(3) 391-395 Miczek KA, Stolerman IP, Henningfield JE (eds) (2006) Special issue on nicotine. Psychopharmacology 184(3 ) 263-652... 

Roemer R (2004) A brief history of legislation to control the tobacco epidemic. In Boyle P, Gray N, Henningfield JE, Seffrin J, Zatonski W (eds) Tobacco and pubhc health science and policy. Oxford University Press, Oxford, pp 677-694... 

Royal College of Physicians. (2000) Nicotine addiction in Britain a report of the tobacco advisory group of the Royal College of Physicians. Royal CoUege of Physicians of London, London Russell MAH (1971) Cigarette smoking natural history of a dependence disorder. Br J Psychol 44 1-16... 

Buchhalter AR, Pant RV, Henningfield JE (2008) Novel pharmacological approaches for treating tobacco dependence and withdrawal current status. Drugs 68(8) 1067-1088 Corti C (1931) A history of smoking, George G Harrap, London, UK... 

Food and Drug Administration (1996). Regulations restricting the sale and distribution of cigarettes and smokeless tobacco to protect children and adolescents final rule. Fed Reg 61 44396 5318 Halliwell RF (2007) A short history of the rise of the molecular pharmacology of ionotropic drug receptors. Trends Pharmacol Sci 28(5) 214-219... 

Nicotine is a potent drug with a long history of use and enormous effects on our society. From a toxicology perspective, nicotine is a naturally occurring pesticide in tobacco, a powerful drug with multiple nervous system effects, and thus cigarettes are a drug delivery device. 

Digital necrosis. An 18-year-old woman, with a history of severe anorexia nervosa of 5 years duration, who acknowledged regular use of tobacco and cannabis, was hospitalized for necrosis of the left index and thumb that had occurred shortly after left radial artery puncture for blood gas analysis. Acrocyanosis of the four limbs had been present since the onset of anorexia nervosa. Arteriography of the upper limbs showed major spasm of the left radial and cubital arteries and thromboses in the left interdigital arteries of the left index and thumb. The distal portions of the arteries were then on the left and on the right. The necrotic lesions healed after intravenous administration of ilomedine and interruption of tobacco and cannabis. Acrocyanosis of the four limbs persisted . 

Tobacco accounts for about 90% of lung cancers. Some tobacco carcinogens induce DNA adducts that are repaired by the nucleotide excision repair (NER) pathway (3). The lowest DNA repair capacity (DRC), measured in peripheral blood lymphocytes by the host cell reactivation assay (HCR), was observed in lung cancer patients who were less than 60 years old, female, or lighter smokers, and in those with a family history of cancer (4,5). 

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