Predisposition, genetic

Buck KJ, Metten P, Belknap JK et al (1997) Quantitative trait loci involved in genetic predisposition to acute alcohol withdrawal in mice. J Neurosci 17 3946-3955... 

Rapid intravenous infusion of torsades-inducing drugs Concomitant administration of more than one agent known to cause QT interval prolongation/torsades de pointes Possible genetic predisposition Previous history of drug-induced torsades de pointes... 

Genetic factors cannot explain the recent rapid rise in asthma prevalence. Asthma appears to require both genetic predisposition and environmental exposure. Many patients with occupational asthma develop the disease late in life upon exposure to specific allergens in the workplace. Environmental influences in utero or in infancy may contribute to the development of asthma. Maternal smoking during pregnancy or exposure to secondhand smoke after birth increases the risk of childhood asthma.3 Adult-onset asthma is not uncommon and may be related to atopy, nasal polyps, aspirin sensitivity, occupational exposure, or a recurrence of childhood asthma. 

The inflammatory response in UC is propagated by atypical type 2 helper T cells that produce proinflammatory cytokines such as interleukin-1 (IL-1), IL-6, and tumor necrosis factor (TNF).7 As discussed previously, a genetic predisposition to UC may partially explain the development of excessive colonic and rectal inflammation. The finding of positive perinuclear antineutrophil cytoplasmic antibodies (pANCA) in association with the human leukocyte antigen (HLA)-DR2 allele in a large percentage of patients with UC supports this theory.4,12... 

PD affects approximately one million Americans (1% of people over 60 years of age). The average age of onset is 60 years of age, and PD is fairly uncommon in those under age 40. The etiology of PD is unknown, but genetic predisposition, environmental factors, or combinations of these have been proposed to explain why nerve cells in the substantia nigra deteriorate. About 15% of patients with PD have a first-degree relative with the disease. The pathogenesis of cell death (neuron degeneration) may be due to oxidative stress, mitochondrial... 

Tension-type headache (TTH) is the most common primary headache disorder. It is often underrepresented in clinical practice, as many patients do not present for care.6 The term tension-type headache is used to describe all headache syndromes in which muscle contraction is the most significant factor in the pathogenesis of pain. The 1-year prevalence of TTH in the population ranges from 30% to 90%.6 It is more common in adult females. Environmental factors, as opposed to genetic predisposition, play a more central role in their development. Tension-type headaches can be further divided into episodic or chronic the mean frequency of attacks is 3 days per month in episodic disorders, and chronic TTH is defined as 15 or more attacks in a 1-month period.7 The estimated prevalence of chronic TTH is less than 5%.6 Some researchers believe that chronic TTHs represent a continuum of headache severity with migraine headache.8 When severe headaches are difficult to differentiate clinically, treatment should initially target TTH. 

Cluster headache disorders are the most uncommon and severe primary headache syndromes.9 The estimated point prevalence is less than 1%. Unlike migraine and TTH, cluster headaches occur more frequently in men. Onset commonly occurs prior to age 30.6 A genetic predisposition seems apparent, although affected individuals often provide a history of tobacco use and alcohol abuse.6 Attacks consist of debilitating, unilateral head pains that occur in series lasting up to months at a time, but that remit over months to years between occurrences. In rare instances, cluster headache can be a chronic disorder without remissions.4... 

OA develops when systemic factors and biomechanical vulnerabilities combine. Systemic factors include age, gender, genetic predisposition, and nutritional status. Age is the strongest predictor of OA, although advanced age alone is insufficient to cause OA. 

Psoriasis is a T-lymphocyte-mediated inflammatory disease that results from a complex interplay between multiple genetic factors and environmental influences. Genetic predisposition coupled with some precipitating factor triggers an abnormal immune response, resulting in the initial psoriatic skin lesions. Keratinocyte proliferation is central to the clinical presentation of psoriasis. 

Colon cancer occurs at a much higher rate in industrialized parts of the world such as North America and Europe, whereas the lowest rates are seen in less-developed areas, suggesting that environmental and dietary factors influence the development of colon cancer.2 In addition to these environmental factors, colon cancers are known to develop more frequently in certain families, and genetic predisposition to this cancer is well known. 

Atopy A genetic predisposition to develop type I hypersensitivity reactions against common environmental antigens commonly seen in patients with allergic rhinitis, asthma, and atopic dermatitis. 

Allikmets, R, 2000. Simple and complex ABCR Genetic predisposition to retinal disease. Am J Hum Genet 67, 793-799. 

West WL et al. Interpatient variability genetic predisposition and other genetic factors. J Clin Pharmacol 1997 37 635-648. 

Timmermann B, Mo R, Lift FC, Gerdts E, Busjahn A, Omvik P, Li GH, Schuster H, Wienker TF, Hoehe MR, Lund-Johansen P. Beta-2-adrenoreptor genetic variation is associated with genetic predisposition to essential hypertension the Bergen blood pressure study. Kidney Int 1998 53 1455-1460. 

Iyer L, King CD, Whitington PF et al. Genetic predisposition to the metabolism of irinotecan (CPT-11). Role of uridine diphosphate glucuronosyltransferase isoform 1A1 in the glucuronidation of its active metabolite (SN-38) in human liver microsomes. J Clin Invest 1998 101 847-854. 

Wafa H, Abid-Essafi S, Abdellatif A, Noureddine G, Abdelfettah Z, Farielle E, Creppy E E and Hassen B (2004), Karyomegaly of tubular kidney cells in human chronic interstitial nephropathy in Tunisia respective role of Ochratoxin A and possible genetic predisposition , Human Experimen. Toxicol., 23, 339-346. 

Overweight and obesity are caused by a combination of genetic and environmental factors. Some people have a genetic predisposition to gain weight and store fat. For others, the factors that lead to obesity can be found in the world they inhabit and the behaviors they choose. 

Collinge, J., Palmer, M. S. and Dryden, A. J. Genetic predisposition to iatrogenic Creutzfeldt-Jakob disease. Lancet 337 1441-1442,1991. 

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