Thiopentone sodium

Fiexobarbitone (sodium sait) Thiopentone sodium 3-5 mg/kg as 2.5% solution... 

Thiopentone sodium is usually given as 92.5 percent solution, initially 100 to 150 mg over 10-15 seconds and repeated if necessary depending upon the patient s response after 20-30 seconds. On repeated administration the extracerebral sites are gradually filled up and lower doses produces anaesthesia which lasts longer. 

It is preferred to thiopentone sodium for short procedures and out patients due to its rapid recovery. It is approximately three times more potent than thiopentone sodium with quicker and briefer action. 

All three barbiturates are available as sodium salts that are soluble in water or isotonic saline. Thiopentone sodium... 

Thiopentone sodium (Figure 4.3) is available as a yellow powder, stored in nitrogen to prevent atmospheric degradation, and mixed with 5% anhydrous sodium carbonate. The sodium carbonate prevents precipitation of the insoluble free acid and results in a solution with a pH of 10.5-11.0. The oil/water partition coefficient is 4.7 and the pKa 7.6. Although thiobarbiturate solutions are stable, if refrigerated, for up to two weeks, they should not be stored for longer than 24 hours as the solutions do not contain any antibacterial preservative. 

Fentanyl Care should be taken to avoid skin contact and inhalation of fentanyl citrate to prevent adverse effects. Incompatibility has been reported with other drugs such as thiopentone sodium, methohexitone sodium, and fluorouracil.54 This drug should not be administered along with alkaline drugs. 

Hydromorphone Hydrochloride Formulations containing hydromorphone with either minocycline hydrochloride or tetracycline hydrochloride were found incompatible and manifest as a color change from pale yellow to light green. Concentration-dependent incompatibilities are reported in formulations containing hydromorphone hydrochloride with dexamethasone sodium or phosphate,59 and fluorouracil.60 Visual incompatibility, such as haziness or precipitation, developed 4 hours after mixing thiopentone sodium and hydromorphone hydrochloride.61 Dependence, withdrawal, and interactions are similar to those of opioid analgesics. 

Methadone Hydrochloride Visual incompatibilities of methadone hydrochloride were observed with solutions of aminophylline, ammonium chloride, amylo-barbitone sodium, chlorothiazide sodium, heparin sodium, nitrofurantoin sodium, novobiocin, pentobarbitone sodium, phenobarbitone sodium, phenytoin sodium, quinalbarbitone sodium, sodium bicarbonate, sodium iodide, sulfadiazine sodium, sulfafurazole diethanolamine, or thiopentone sodium. 

Dobutamine is unstable with alkaline preparations and is incompatible with sodium bicarbonate 5% and alkaline drugs such as aminophylline, frusemide, thiopentone sodium, heparin, bumetanide, calcium gluconate, insulin, diazepam, and phenytoin.105,106... 

Dopamine is degraded by alkaline preparation and is incompatible with sodium bicarbonate solutions, furosemide, ampicillin, amphotericin, gentamicin sulfate, cephalothin sodium, oxacillin sodium, and thiopentone sodium. Percussion or excessive heat may cause an explosion with undiluted erythrityl tetranitrate. Care must be exercised to avoid contact with skin, eyes, and mucous membranes when handling ethacrynic acid. Sodium ethacrynate solutions are incompatible and less stable at very high pH, below pH 5, and at higher temperatures. 

Trimetaphan camsylate is incompatible with alkaline preparations, bromides, iodides, gallamine triethiodide, and thiopentone sodium. Loss of urokinase is reported when diluted with glucose solutions in PVC intravenous infusion sets.127... 

INTRAVENOUS ANAESTHETICS (e.g. thiopentone sodium, propofol) BETA-BLOCKERS Risk of severe hypotensive episodes during induction of anaesthesia (including patients taking timolol eye drops) Most intravenous anaesthetic agents are myocardial depressants and vasodilators, and additive 1 BP may occur Monitor BP closely, especially during induction of anaesthesia... 

A white to yellowish-white to pale green, hygroscopic powder. It usually contains anhydrous sodium carbonate in the proportion of 6 parts to each 100 parts of thiopentone sodium. 

Dose. 100 to 150 mg of thiopentone sodium intravenously, repeated if necessary. 

THIOPENTAL SODIUM THIOPENTAL SODIUM SALT THIOPENTONE SODIUM THIOTHAL SODIUM THIPENTAL SODIUM TIOPENTAL SODIUM TRAPANAL TRAPANAL SODIUM... 

THIO-6-OXYPYRIMIDINE see TFR250 THIOPENTAL SODIUM see PBT500 THIOPENTAL SODIUM SALT see PBT500 THIOPENTONE SODIUM see PBT500 THIOPEROXYDICARBONIC ACID DIETHYL ESTER see BJUOOO... 

GENERAL ANAESTHETICS are either inhaled or injected agents and produce insensibility, mostly to alleviate pain during surgical procedures (e.g. halothane, thiopentone sodium). 

The CNS contains a wide variety of neurotransmitters and high concentrations of receptors. Mechanisms of action of many drugs are often complex combinations of receptor-based actions. Some of the most widely used (and abused) drugs are hypnotics/sedatives, for treatment of insonmia. Barbiturates such as amylo-barbitone have been used for many years, but suffer from side-effects and are addictive. Thiopentone sodium salt (sodium pentothal), however, is very useful as a short-acting intravenous anaesthetic. The benzodiazepines, such as diazepam (Valium) and alprazolam (Xanax), are safer drags for insomnia and also can be used for treatment of anxiety and muscle spasms. Zolpidem (Ambien) is a newer and more selective hypnotic. 

Sodium 5-ethyl-5 (1-methyl butyl)-2-thiobarbiturate 4, 6 (IH, 5H)-Pyrimidinedione, 5-ethyldihydro-5-(l-methyl butyl)-2 thioxo-, monosodium salt Thiopental sodium U.S.P., Thiopentone sodium B.P., Eur. R, Ind. R, Int. P. 

Thiopental sodium. Thiopentone sodium, thionembutal, thiomembumal sodium, penthiobarbital sodium [1], soluble thiopentone [3]. 

Thiopentone sodium, although soluble in water, in acid solutitm is converted to the free acid (thiopental) which is water insoluble. The assay of thiopental sodium in both biological fluids and proprietaty preparations takes advantage of these acid-base diaracteristics. Extraction is accomplished by acidifrcation followed by shaking with organic solvents. Solvents commonly employed include chloroform [25-27], methylene chloride [28-31] and diethyl or petroleum ether [32-36]. Less frequently used are benzene [37], toluene [38,39], ethyl acetate [40,41], n-hexane [15,28] and n-butyl chloride [42]. Additional selectivity and sensitivity was obtained by back-extraction into sodium hydroxide [25,28,35,36,42,43]. 

Tetracycline hydrochloride Tetrahydrozoline hydrochloride Thebaine hydrochloride Theobromine Theophylline Thiabendazole Thialbarbitone sodium Thiethylperazine maleate Thiopentone sodium Thiopropazate hydrochloride Thioridazine hydrochloride Tolazoline Tolbutamide... 

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