Sec-Butyl chloride

Substitutive name Functional class names 1 Chlorobutane n Butyl chloride or butyl chloride 2 Chlorobutane sec Butyl chloride or 1 methylpropyl chloride... 

Reflux a mixtiue of 68 g. of anhydrous zinc chloride e.g., sticks), 40ml. (47-5 g.) of concentrated hydrochloric acid and 18-5 g. (23 ml.) of ec.-butyl alcohol (b.p. 99-100°) in the apparatus of Fig. 777, 25, 1 for 2 hours. Distil off the crude chloride until the temperature rises to 100°. Separate the upper layer of the distillate, wash it successively with water, 5 per cent, sodium hydroxide solution and water dry with anhydrous calcium chloride. Distil through a short column or from a Claisen flask with fractionating side arm, and collect the fraction of b.p. 67-70° some high boiling point material remains in the flask. Redistil and collect the pure sec.-butyl chloride at 67-69°. The yield is 15 g. 

The prefix (RS) is used to denote a racemic modification. For example, (RS)-Sec butyl chloride. The symbols R and S are applied to compounds whose absolute stereochemistry has been determined. However, while applying the nomenclature to projection formulae of compounds containing several asymmetric centres Cahn, Ingold. Pielog procedures are supplemented by the following conversion rule. 

BROHOBUTANE n-BUTYL CHLORIDE sec-BUTYL CHLORIDE tert-BUTYL CHLORIDE... 

The octenes appear to be formed by the addition of the olefinic double bond is apparently too slow this finds analogy in the comparative ease of addition of leri-butyl chloride and sec-butyl chloride to ethylene in... 

Other noteworthy achievements of solid-state 13C CP/MAS NMR in the context of carbonium ions are that (1) the sec-butylcarbonium ion can be identified at low temperatures in a sec-butyl chloride/antimony pentafluoride matrix in the temperature range 80-190 K (2) the norbornyl carbonium ion has been characterized (356,396) at temperatures down to 5 K, there being a strong (but not yet incontrovertible) indication that the controversial non-classical ion (398) exists and (3) the homotropylium ion is best represented (399) by the completely delocalized (homoaromatic) seven-membered state (a below) rather than the incompletely delocalized state (b). 

Other alkyl chlorides may be prepared by this general procedure.12 The following yields are obtained with some of the common alcohols, used in the molecular proportions given under the procedure ii-propyl chloride, 55-61 per cent iso-propyl chloride, 70-76 per cent sec.-butyl chloride, 60-65 Per cent 2-chloropentane, 60-70 per cent. 

Chlorine is added to (S)-sec-butyl chloride at 300°C. The reaction proceeds with retention of configuration. The products are carefully separated by fractional distillation. The chemist identifies five fractions as isomers of dichlorobutane and labels them Compounds A. B. C, D. and E. Compounds C and D arc formed in a 7 to 3 ratio. The boiling points of all five compounds are listed in Table 1. 

If NaOH is added to (S)-sec-butyl chloride, what is the most likely product ... 

Chemical Name 2-chlorobutane, methylethylchloromethane, sec-butyl chloride... 

Primary cations can never be observed by NMR—they are too unstable. But secondary cations can, provided the temperature is kept low enough, sec-Butyl chloride in SO2CIF at -78 °C gives a stable, observable cation. But, as the cation is warmed up, it rearranges to the f-butyl cation. Now this rearrangement truly is a carbocation rearrangement the starting material is an observable car-bocation, and so is the product, and we should just look at the mechanism in a little more detail. 

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