Barbitone sodium

Sodium barbitone (sodium 5,5-diethylbarbiturate) [144-02-5] M 150.1, pKj 3.99, pKj ll.S (barbituric acid). Crystd from water (3mL/g) by adding an equal volume of EtOH and cooling to 5°. Dried under vacuum over P2O5. 

Methadone Hydrochloride Visual incompatibilities of methadone hydrochloride were observed with solutions of aminophylline, ammonium chloride, amylo-barbitone sodium, chlorothiazide sodium, heparin sodium, nitrofurantoin sodium, novobiocin, pentobarbitone sodium, phenobarbitone sodium, phenytoin sodium, quinalbarbitone sodium, sodium bicarbonate, sodium iodide, sulfadiazine sodium, sulfafurazole diethanolamine, or thiopentone sodium. 

Banistyl, 552 Banlin, 934 Banocide, 538 Banthine, 745 Baptitoxine, 507 Baratol, 683 Barb, 372 Barbaloin, 328 Barbamylum, 353 Barban, 82, 85 Barbital, 372 Barbitone, 372 (metabolite), 748 Barbitone sodium, 372 Barbitone, soluble, 372 Barbiturates, colour test, 147 gas chromatography, 15, 196 high pressure liquid chromatography, 216 infra-red spectra of, 247 published, 250 metabolism, 285... 

Disodium hydrogen phthalate-sodium dihydrogen orthophosphate Dipotassium hydrogen phthalate-potassium dihydrogen orthophosphate Potassium dihydrogen orthophosphate-sodium hydroxide Barbitone sodium-hydrochloric acid Tris (hydroxylmethyl) aminomethane-hydrochloric acid... 

Sodium salt. ClH1]N1NaOj, barbital sodium, sodium 5,5-dicthvibarbiturate, barbitone sodium, soluble barbital, sodium diethylmalonylurea, Veronal sodium, Medinal, Embinat. Bitter crystals or powder. One gtam dissolves in 5 ml water. 2.5 ml boiling water, 400 ml ale. Aq soln is alkaline to litmus and pbenolphthalein. pH of 0.1 molar aq soln, 9.4. 

Alcohol extracts of oat antagonized the effects of morphine and nicotine injections in mice. The extracts did not affect the seizure threshold to bemegride or nicotine or the sleeping time induced by barbitone sodium (Connor et al. 1975). 

Capsules of Amylobarbitone Sodium, J5.P., Tablets of Amylobar-bitone Sodium, P.P. Tablets of Barbitone Sodium, P.P., Tablets of Pentobarbitone Sodium, P.P., and Tablets of Phenobarbitone Sodium, P.P. The tablets are liable to absorb carbon dioxide rapidly on exposure and liberate a considerable proportion of free barbiturate, extractable with ether from the powdered material. 

C12H12N2O3. White crystals, m.p. 174°C. Prepared by condensing the ethyl ester of phenylethylmalonic acid with urea. It is a more active hypnotic than barbitone. It and its sodium salt - soluble phenobarbitone - are used as sedatives and in treating epilepsy. 

Table 2.1 HPLC capacity factors for secbuto-barbitone and vinbarbitone with an octadecyl silyl stationary phase and mobile phases of methanoiyO.l M sodium dihydrogen phosphate (40 60) at (a) pH 3.5, and (b) pH 8.5. From Moffat, A.C. (Ed.), Clarke s Isolation and Identification of Drugs, 2nd Edn, The Pharmaceutical Press, London, 1986. Reproduced by permission of The Royal Pharmaceutical Society...

Veronal-acetate buffer pH 9.2 Sodiumacetate 30 mM, sodium barbitone or barbitone acid 30 mM, NaCl 100 mM, and MgCl2 50 mM. (Can be made five times the foregoing concentration.)... 

Photolysis of pentobarbitone (pentobarbital, 285) was achieved on a solution buffered to pH 11 with a low-pressure mercury lamp over 10 h. At this pH the mono anion was the main species present. The products identified were the dealkylated ethyl barbitone (286), the amide (294) and both diastereoisomers of the ureide (295). On more prolonged irradiation, there also appeared ethylhydroxybarbitone (287) and an unidentified dimeric compound. When ethylbarbitone (286) was photolysed in the same way, it gave (287) and 2-ethyl-2-hydroxymalonic acid. Finally, pentobarbitone was irradiated in molar sodium hydroxide solution, where the dianion would be the main form present, to give (295) with a small amount of (294) [175]. 

It is interesting to note that one of the founders of modern psychiatry, Kraepelin, listed only nine substances that were available for the treatment of psychiatric illness in the 1890s. These were opium, morphine, scopolamine, hashish, chloral hydrate, a barbiturate, alcohol, chloroform and various bromides. Later Bleuler, another founder of modern psychiatry, added paraldehyde and sodium barbitone to the list. Thus psychopharmacology is a very recent area of medicine which largely arose from the chance discovery of chlorpromazine by Delay and Deniker in France in 1952, and of imipramine by Kuhn in Switzerland in 1957. 

Barbitone. (Barbital, veronal, 5 5-diethyl malonyl urea) The exclusion of water is also paramount in this step (use drying tubes, etc.). 30 kilos of dry urea and 76.5 kilos of the above malonate (dry diethyl diethyl malonate) are placed in the reaction vessel and stirred very well. To this mixture is added a solution of hot (75°) sodium ethylate (18 kilos of clean sodium metal in 270 liters of dry ethanol) and the mixture is brought to a boil with good stirring. The alcohol is removed with the boiling action (the reaction vessel is equipped with a slanted vapor condenser) and the mixture becomes more viscous. The alcohol (ethanol) is distilled out completely and the heat is then removed. The residue left behind should be a creamy white powder. 

Veronal acetate buffer 0.97 g of sodium acetate (trihydrate), 1.47 g of sodium barbitone, 250 mL of fresh distilled water (C02 free), and 2 5 mL of 0 M hydrochloric acid, pH 9.2... 

The rifamycins are ansamycin antibiotics produced by cultures of Amycolatopsis mediterranei (formerly Nocardia mediterranei or Streptomyces mediterranei). The crude antibiotic mixture was found to contain five closely related substances rifamycins A-E, but if the organism was cultured in the presence of sodium diethyl barbiturate (barbitone or barbital), the product was almost entirely rifamycin B (Figure 3.71). Rifamycin B has essentially no antibacterial activity, but on standing in aqueous solution in the presence of air, it is readily transformed by oxidation and intramolecular nucleophilic addition into rifamycin O, which... 

Historically the first sedative hypnotics to be introduced were the bromides in the mid 19th century, shortly followed by chloral hydrate, paraldehyde and urethane. It was not until the early years of this century that the first barbiturate, sodium barbitone, was developed and this was shortly followed by over 50 analogues, all with essentially similar pharmacological properties. The major breakthrough in the development of selective, relatively non-toxic sedative hypnotics followed the introduction of chlordiazepoxide in 1961. Most of the benzodiazepines in current use have been selected for their high anxiolytic potency relative to their central depressant effects. Because of their considerable safety, the benzodiazepines have now largely replaced the barbiturates and the alcohols, such as chloral hydrate and trichloroethanol, as the drugs of choice in the treatment of insomnia. 

Column Zipax SCX 37-44 um (1000x2.1 mm ID), mobile phase gradient elution with A 0.2 M boric acid adjusted to pH 9.3 with 403 sodium hydroxide and B 0.2 M boric acid - acetonitrile -n-propanol (86 12 2) adjusted to pH 9.8 with 40 sodium hydroxide, linear gradient from 0-100 B in 6 min, flow rate 2 ml/min, detection UV 270 nm. Peaks 1, barbitone 2, caffeine 3, morphine 4, 0-acetylmorphine 5, strychnine 6, heroin 7, quinine 8, cocaine. 

The CNS contains a wide variety of neurotransmitters and high concentrations of receptors. Mechanisms of action of many drugs are often complex combinations of receptor-based actions. Some of the most widely used (and abused) drugs are hypnotics/sedatives, for treatment of insonmia. Barbiturates such as amylo-barbitone have been used for many years, but suffer from side-effects and are addictive. Thiopentone sodium salt (sodium pentothal), however, is very useful as a short-acting intravenous anaesthetic. The benzodiazepines, such as diazepam (Valium) and alprazolam (Xanax), are safer drags for insomnia and also can be used for treatment of anxiety and muscle spasms. Zolpidem (Ambien) is a newer and more selective hypnotic. 

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