Isotonic saline

Finally, heat m be utilized as an alternative method to disinfect soft contact lenses, especially the hydrophilic type. Lenses are boiled in isotonic saline. 

Serum sodium may rise with insulin and isotonic saline fluid administration. Estimate the corrected serum sodium concentration at presentation... 

Sodium bicarbonate found to be more effective than isotonic saline hydration. Some clinicians have questioned this trial s methodology... 

In contrast, parenteral suspensions have relatively low solids contents, usually between 0.5 and 5%, with the exception of insoluble forms of penicillin in which concentrations of the antibiotic may exceed 30%. These sterile preparations are designed for intramuscular, intradermal, intralesional, intraarticular, or subcutaneous injection. Syringeability is an important factor to be taken into consideration with injectable dosage forms. The viscosity of a parenteral suspension should be sufficiently low to facilitate injection. Common suspending vehicles include preserved isotonic saline solution or a parenterally acceptable vegetable oil. Ophthalmic and optic suspensions that are instilled into the eye/ear must also be prepared in a sterile manner. The vehicles are essentially isotonic and aqueous in composition. The reader should refer to Chapter 12 for further discussion on parenteral products. 

NaCl solution has a freezing point depression of 0.576°C. What is the percentage concentration of NaCl required to make isotonic saline solution ... 

Johnson and colleagues made a provocative observation in the course of exploratory preclinical toxicological studies of vincristine, namely, that folinic acid (Leucovorin citrovorum factor 5-formyl-5,6,7,8-tetrahy-drofolic acid) was able to protect mice from the toxicity of high doses of vincristine lb). Vincristine, at a dose of 2.5 mg/kg administered intravenously, resulted in a mortality of 90% over a period of 30 days, but treatment with folinic acid lowered the mortality to 25%. The protection against vincristine toxicity did not occur when folic acid was substituted for folinic acid. A report has appeared (45) indicating that there is no specific protective effect of folinic acid against vincristine toxicity in mice and that the protection can be observed by comparable treatment with isotonic saline solution. As discussed in Section Vll, there is not conclusive evidence that folinic acid is able to ameliorate vincristine toxicity in humans (46). 

Specific iron binding chelating agent like desferrioxamine mesylate (5-10 g in 100 ml isotonic saline) or calcium diethylene triamine pentaacetate (DTP A) 35-40 mg/kg or calcium disodium acetate (35-40 mg/kg). 

It is a uniform suspension of diphtheria and tetanus toxoid adsorbed on aluminium phosphate and suspended in isotonic saline solution. 

All three barbiturates are available as sodium salts that are soluble in water or isotonic saline. Thiopentone sodium... 

Figure 5. Effect of the H3 receptor agonists R(a)methylHA (RHA 10 mg/kg) or BP 2-94 (BP 25 mg/kg) administered ip at -24, -18,-6 and -2 hours on the AVP and OT responses to 24 hours of dehydration. The animals were decapitated at time 0. Isotonic saline served as control solution. p<0.01 vs. euhydrated rats. p<0.01 vs. saline injected dehydrated rats.

The effect of supplementary inhaled budesonide in acute asthma has been evaluated in a randomized, double-blind comparison with standard treatment in 44 children aged 6 months to 18 years with a moderate to severe exacerbation of asthma (26). Prednisone 1 mg/kg orally and nebulized salbutamol (0.15 mg/kg) every 30 minutes for three doses and then every hour for 4 hours were given to all children. In addition, each child was given 2 mg of nebulized budesonide or nebulized isotonic saline. There was a more rapid discharge rate in the budesonide group. There were no adverse effects. The authors concluded that nebulized budesonide may be an effective adjunct to oral prednisone in the management of moderate to severe exacerbations of asthma. 

The alevins of rainbow trout thrive best in fresh water. Raising the salinity just to 5%o causes a rise in lactate under fully aerobic conditions and markedly decreases the concentration of blood glucose (Krumschnabel and Lackner, 1993), so the advantage of using isotonic saline varies according to developmental stage. 

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