Nitrofurantoin sodium

Methadone Hydrochloride Visual incompatibilities of methadone hydrochloride were observed with solutions of aminophylline, ammonium chloride, amylo-barbitone sodium, chlorothiazide sodium, heparin sodium, nitrofurantoin sodium, novobiocin, pentobarbitone sodium, phenobarbitone sodium, phenytoin sodium, quinalbarbitone sodium, sodium bicarbonate, sodium iodide, sulfadiazine sodium, sulfafurazole diethanolamine, or thiopentone sodium. 

Whenever oral administration of nitrofurantoin does not seem feasible, the sodium salt can be administered intravenously (180 mg twice a day for adults) for the suppression of urinary tract infections " . A number of clinicians have used nitrofurantoin sodium in urology as well as for the treatment of systemic and pulmonary infections " . ... 

Intramuscular administration of nitrofurantoin sodium may also be successful in metastatic seminoma, the drug apparently decreases the size of lung metastases thus improving the patient s condition . Owing to the low blood levels which are achieved with nitrofurantoin, all indications for its use aside from urinary tract infections have meanwhile been abandoned hence nitrofurantoin is used orally as well as parenterally for the treatment of urinary tract infections only. Intravenous use of nitrofurantoin does not produce higher urine levels than oral administration or intramuscular injection does . A comparison of all three modes of application has proved that orally-administered nitrofurantoin is absorbed completely and metabolized rapidly since maximum drug levels appear in the urine within thirty to sixty minutes after administration. To reduce the rate of side effects, enteric coated tablets may be administered. Numerous reports especially from Japan have led to the conclusion that such tablets are absorbed at a slower rate and are, therefore, probably better tolerated. On the other hand, it seems likely that adequate bacteriostatic levels cannot be achieved and hence a higher failure rate will ensue with this method. 

Nitrofurantoin does not develop cross-resistance or cross-sensitization with antibiotics or sulphonamides. Super-infection due to Candida albicans, commonly encountered with the use of antibiotics, has not been observed with its use. When intravenous nitrofurantoin sodium is administered, 100 to 180 mg may be given twice daily if the patient weighs over 55 kg. Other-... 

Mabertin - Temazepam Mablin - Busulfan Macasirool - Furosemide Macmiror - Nifuratel Macocyn - Dxytetracycline Macphenicol -Thiamphenicol Macrodantin - Nitrofurantoin Macro-Dil - Midecamycin Madaprox - Naproxen Madar - Nordazepam Madecitina - Metampicillin sodium Madelen - Drnidazole Madlexin - Cephalexin Madopar - Benserazide Madopark - Benserazide... 

Pethidine Hydrochloride Pethidine hydrochloride solutions are not compatible with barbiturates, aminophylline, morphine sulfate, sulfadiazine sodium, methicilline sodium, nitrofurantoin, phenytoin sodium, heparin sodium, sodium iodide, diethanolamine, sulfafurazol, acyclovir sodium, liposomal doxorubicin hydrochloride, frusemide, imipenem, and idarubicin. Visual incompatibilities are reported with mixtures of pethidine hydrochloride and cefoperazone sodium or mezlocillin sodium, nafcillin sodium and minocycline hydrochloride or tetracycline hydrochloride in 5% glucose injection.82 83... 

Acute hepatocellular necrosis. This reaction varies from a transient disturbance of liver function tests to acute hepatitis. It can be induced by several drugs including general anaesthetics (halothane), antiepileptics (carbamazepine, phenytoin, sodium valproate, phenobarbital), antidepressants (MAO inhibitors), antiinflammatory drugs (indomethacin, ibuprofen), antimicrobials (isoniazid, sulphonamides, nitrofurantoin) and cardiovascular drugs (methyldopa, hydralazine). 

When a dmg is in its unionised form it will more readily diffuse from the urine to the blood. In an acidic urine, acidic drugs will diffuse back into the blood from the urine. Acidic compounds such as nitrofurantoin are excreted faster when the urinary pH is alkaline. Amfetamine, imipramine and amitriptyline are excreted more rapidly in acidic urine. The control of urinary pH in studies of pharmacokinetics is thus vital. It is difficult, however, to find compounds to use by the oral route for deliberate adjustment of urinary pH. Sodium bicarbonate and ammonium chloride may be used but are unpalatable. Intravenous administration of acidifying salt solutions presents one approach, especially for the forced diuresis of basic dmgs in cases of poisoning. 

A few nitrofuran azomethine compounds are soluble in water. But guanofuracin and furaltadone are soluble only in acidic solution by salt formation. The free base precipitates rapidly by addition of alkali to the solution. It is known that the water solubility of nifuroxime and nitrofurantoin increases by adding alkali, and a sodium salt of nitrofurantoin can be prepared for practical purposes. Most of the nitrofurans are readily soluble in polyethyleneglycols and in dimethylformamide. A solution of the desired concentration of nitrofurans can sometimes be prepared by dissolving the compound... 

The separations of nitrofurans have been carried out, in most instances, with a reversed phase (RP) column. As summarized in Table 1, Cig columns were selected as the analytical column for LC in most reports however, the use of a Cg, CN, and cyanopropyl-modified silica analytical column has also been described. The parent compounds, as well as their metabolites, are satisfactorily separated by Cig columns with commonly used mobile phases, such as mixtures of acetonitrile with phosphate buffer, acetate buffer, or water. The mobile phase elution for HPLC analysis can be isocratic or as a gradient system. Acetonitrile-0.1 M aqueous solution of sodium perchlorate (28 72), with 0.5% glacial acetic acid, was reported by Galeano Diaz " as an optimum mobile phase for the separation of the three nitrofuran derivatives nitrofurantoin, furazolidone, and furaltadone in milk. Lin et al." used an acetonitrile gradient with an initial hold time of 1 min at 0% acetonitrile. 

Three nitrofuran derivatives, nitrofurantoin, furazolidone and furaltadone (Figure 7.7), have been measured in cow s milk after deproteinisation with TCA and SPE (ODS-modified silica). The analysis was performed using an ODS-modifed silica column with 0.5% (v/v) acetic acid in acetonitrile-aq. sodium... 

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