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Synthesis templates

Ordered nanostructured materials were prepare by the template technique. This method consists of a thermal decomposition of the sol—gel precursor within the pores of a membrane. The template is dipped into the sol for 10 min and taken out for heating at r 400 °C resulting in the formatimi of nanomaterial within the template pores. Different types of template have been widely investigated such as anodic alununum oxides (AAO), porous polymer and nano-channel glass templates. The final nano-specimens are obtained by dissolutimi the template composites in 6 mol NaOH solutimi. The template method with porous membranes of AAO has [Pg.469]

The template method involves using the pores in a microporous solid as nanoscopic beakers for the synthesis of nanoparticles of the desired material [1,3,10]. A wide variety of materials are available for use as template materials [1,10,14-19]. Pore diameter sizes range from Angstroms to many p,m. Several of the more common materials used as templates are reviewed below. [Pg.5]

Possin, in 1970, was the first to use the pores in track-etched mica membranes as templates to make nanomaterials [23]. This was accom- [Pg.5]

Marcel Dekker, Inc. 270 Madison Avenue, New York, New York 10016 [Pg.5]

There has been extensive recent use of track-etched membranes as templates. As will be discussed in detail below, these membranes are ideal for producing parallel arrays of metal nanowires or nanotubules. This is usually done via electroless metal deposition [25], but many metals have also been deposited electrochemically [26]. For example, several groups have used track-etched templates for deposition of nanowires and segmented nanowires, which they then examined for giant magnetoresistance [27-29]. Other materials templated in the pores of track etch membranes include conducting polymers [30] and polymer-metal composites [31]. [Pg.6]

Anodically grown aluminum oxide (AI2O3) has also been used extensively as a template [3,32-37]. When grown on high-purity aluminum, this material has a hexagonal pattern of cylindrical pores, which extend through the thickness of the alumina (Fig. 1C and ID). These microporous alumina films can be removed from the substrate A1 metal and collected as a freestanding membrane [37,38]. [Pg.6]

The deposition or confined crystalHzation of metal atoms may be conducted within the pores in anodic aluminum oxide (AAO) membranes [92, 101, 103, 164, 165], mesoporous siHca [96, 102, 106, 166, 167], or micelles in solution [55, 56, 139]. The crystallization of metal atoms within templates can be achieved through a [Pg.382]

Gel fiber oxide precursors on self-aesembled Gel liber [Pg.261]

Metal oxide nanotubes containing bundles of gel fiber [Pg.261]

Nakamura and Matsui [71] prepared silica nanotubes as a spin-off product of sol-gel synthesis wherein tetraethylorthosilicate (TEOS) was hydrolyzed in the presence of ammonia and D, L-tartaric acid. Ono et al. [72] showed that certain cholesterol derivatives can gelate tetraethyl orthosilicate (TEOS) to obtain tubular silica structures. Using cholesterol based gelators nanotubes of transition metal (Ti, V and Ta) oxides can also be prepared. The organogelators used in these processes are chiral diamino [Pg.261]

The advantage of template synthesis is that organo or hydrogelator templates can direct the shape-controlled synthesis of oxide nanotubes. Recent reports describe the use of carbon nanofibers as a template for the shape-controlled synthesis of zirconia, alumina and silica nanotubes [78]. The shape of vapor grown carbon nanofiber [Pg.262]

A few synthetic methodologies have been reported for ID-nanostructured a-Fe203 materials. For example, Mann et al. [84] [Pg.263]


Regioselective and stereoselective template synthesis in chemistry of fullerenes annelated with heterocycles or linked with heterocyclic fragments 99ACR537. [Pg.214]

Template synthesis and chirality of catenanes, rotaxanes, and pretzelanes including N-macroheterocyclic lactams and related compounds as structure components 99PAC247. [Pg.268]

Nonionic template synthesis of amide-linked catenanes and rotaxanes with macroheterocyclic fragments 97AG(E)930. [Pg.270]

Figure 4.24 Template synthesis of a gold(lll) macrocycle complex. Figure 4.24 Template synthesis of a gold(lll) macrocycle complex.
Keywords Fischer carbenes Template synthesis Cocyclization Cycloaddition Cyclopentadienes Cyclopentenones Domino reactions... [Pg.22]

Complexes containing encapsulated metal ions (clathrochelates ) with the formula [M(dioxime)3(BR)2] are known with iron(II) 135, cobalt(ll) 136, cobalt(III) 137, and ruthenium(ll) 138 (Fig. 37) [205-220]. Generally, these macrobicyclic complexes are prepared by template synthesis from a mixture of... [Pg.39]

Schalley CA, WeUandt T, Briiggemann J,V6gtle F (2004) Hydrogen-Bond-Mediated Template Synthesis of Rotaxanes, Catenanes, and Knotanes. 248 141-200 Scheer M,see Balazs G (2003) 232 1-23... [Pg.266]

Reverse transcriptase j Synthesizes DNA from RNA template. Synthesis of cDNA from mRNA RNA (S end) mapping studies. [Pg.400]

Template effects have been used in rotaxane synthesis to direct threading of the axle through the wheel. Since macrocycHc compounds such as cyclodextrins, crown ethers, cyclophanes, and cucurbiturils form stable complexes with specific guest molecules, they have been widely used in the templated synthesis of rotax-anes as ring (wheel) components. Here, we briefly discuss macrocycles used in the synthesis of rotaxane dendrimers and their important features. [Pg.115]

In this review, we tried to cover all the supramolecular species that maybe classified as rotaxane dendrimers. We classified them by their structures - where in dendrimer rotaxane-hke features are introduced. Several different types of macrocycles have been employed as a ring component in the templated synthesis of rotaxane dendrimers. While the synthesis of Type I and II rotaxanes dendrimers is relatively straightforward, that of well-defined Type III rotaxane dendrimers, particularly those of second and higher generations, is still challenging. [Pg.137]

According to Ref. [12], template for synthesis of nanomaterials is defined as a central structure within which a network forms in such a way that removal of this template creates a filled cavity with morphological or stereochemical features related to those of the template. The template synthesis was applied for preparation of various nanostructures inside different three-dimensional nanoporous structures. Chemically, these materials are presented by polymers, metals, oxides, carbides and other substances. Synthetic methods include electrochemical deposition, electroless deposition, chemical polymerization, sol-gel deposition and chemical vapor deposition. These works were reviewed in Refs. [12,20]. An essential feature of this... [Pg.324]

Template Synthesis and Catalysis of Metal Nanoclusters in Ordered Mesoporous Silicas... [Pg.383]

Zeolites have ordered micropores smaller than 2nm in diameter and are widely used as catalysts and supports in many practical reactions. Some zeolites have solid acidity and show shape-selectivity, which gives crucial effects in the processes of oil refining and petrochemistry. Metal nanoclusters and complexes can be synthesized in zeolites by the ship-in-a-bottle technique (Figure 1) [1,2], and the composite materials have also been applied to catalytic reactions. However, the decline of catalytic activity was often observed due to the diffusion-limitation of substrates or products in the micropores of zeolites. To overcome this drawback, newly developed mesoporous silicas such as FSM-16 [3,4], MCM-41 [5], and SBA-15 [6] have been used as catalyst supports, because they have large pores (2-10 nm) and high surface area (500-1000 m g ) [7,8]. The internal surface of the channels accounts for more than 90% of the surface area of mesoporous silicas. With the help of the new incredible materials, template synthesis of metal nanoclusters inside mesoporous channels is achieved and the nanoclusters give stupendous performances in various applications [9]. In this chapter, nanoclusters include nanoparticles and nanowires, and we focus on the synthesis and catalytic application of noble-metal nanoclusters in mesoporous silicas. [Pg.383]

A tandem enzymatic aldol-intramolecular Homer-Wadsworth-Emmons reaction has been used in the synthesis of a cyclitol.310 The key steps are illustrated in Scheme 8.33. The phosphonate aldehyde was condensed with dihydroxyacetone phosphate (DHAP) in water with FDP aldolase to give the aldol adduct, which cyclizes with an intramolecular Horner-Wadsworth-Emmons reaction to give the cyclo-pentene product. The one-pot reaction takes place in aqueous solution at slightly acidic (pH 6.1-6.8) conditions. The aqueous Wittig-type reaction has also been investigated in DNA-templated synthesis.311... [Pg.279]

A template synthesis employing Ni(OAc)2, 2,5-dihydroxy-2,5-dimethyl-1,4-dithiane, and 3,3 -iminobis(propylamine) gave the water-soluble five-coordinate complex [Ni(495)], the crystal structure of which shows trigonal bipyramidal coordination of Ni11 with the central amine and terminal thiolates in plane and the two imino nitrogens in axial positions. Solvatochromism of the complex is interpreted in terms of S" H bonding, which may be of relevance to the catalytic cycle in hydrogenases.1341... [Pg.364]


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2,6-Diacetylpyridine, template synthesis

Anions templated synthesis

Anisotropic synthesis templated nanostructures

Basic Principles of DNA-templated Organic Synthesis

Biomolecule-Templated Synthesis

Cadiot-Chodkiewicz active template synthesis

Catenane template-directed synthesis

Catenanes copper -templated synthesis

Catenanes template synthesis

Catenanes templated catenane synthesis

Catenanes templated syntheses

Catenanes transition metal-templated synthesis

Cation-templated synthesis

Chiral template synthesis

Clathrates, template synthesis

Cobalt template synthesis

Conventional Hard Template Synthesis Strategy

Copper -templated synthesis

Copper -templated synthesis 2]-rotaxanes

Copper template rotaxane synthesis

Copper template synthesis

Copper template/self-assembly synthesis

Covalent template synthesis

Cyclophane template-directed synthesis

Cyclophanes templated synthesis

Cyclophanes, template-directed synthesis

DNA-Templated Synthesis-Assisted Libraries

DNA-templated synthesis

Dendrimer-templated synthesis

Directed Template Synthesis - Simple Host-Guest Adducts

Double Template Synthesis of Giant Macrocycles

Double template synthesis

Electrochemical template synthesis

Endo-templated synthesis

Enzymatic Synthesis of PANI Using Anionic Micelles as Templates

Extending the Amide-Based Template Synthesis to Rotaxanes

Fabrication technology template synthesis

Guest-templated synthesis

Hard templates synthesis

Hard templates synthesis applications

Hard templates synthesis nanofibers

Hard templates synthesis pores

Hard templates synthesis porous membranes

Hydrogen bonding template synthesis

Incorporation of Genomics and DNA-templated Synthesis into Drug Discovery

Inorganic materials, templated synthesis

Interlocked molecules templated catenane synthesis

Kinetic template synthesis approach

Ligands template synthesis

Macrocycle template synthesis

Macrocycles template synthesis

Macrocycles template-directed synthesis

Macrocyclic templates, synthesis

Macromolecule-templated synthesis

Macroporous Material Templating Synthesis

Mesoporous carbon materials soft-template synthesis

Mesoporous templated synthesis

Metal ions template-directed synthesis

Metal template-assisted synthesis

Metal-Templated Synthesis of Catenanes

Metal-ion template syntheses

Metal-ion-templated synthesis

Metal-template synthesis

Molecular Knots - From Early Attempts to High-Yield Template Syntheses

NHCs template synthesis

Nanoparticle synthesis, templated

Nanotechnology template synthesis

Nanotubes, template synthesis

Nanowire synthesis, templated

Nanowires template-assisted synthesis

Nickel template synthesis

Non-templated syntheses

Oligonucleotide synthesis with template

Organic Additives (Templates) in Synthesis of Zeolites and Molecular Sieves

Organic Template-Directed Syntheses of Catenanes, Rotaxanes, and Knots

Organic synthesis, thermodynamically controlled templated

Organic templates molecular sieve synthesis

Organic templates, zeolite synthesis

Organic-template-free synthesis

Organic-template-reused synthesis

Organogel templated synthesis

Phthalocyanines template synthesis

Polyaniline synthesis using templates

Polyaniline template-free synthesis

Polyol and Template-Free Synthesis

Porous solids template synthesis

Potassium template synthesis

Primed synthesis single stranded template

Protein synthesis template” theory

Rotaxanes anion-assisted template synthesis

Rotaxanes template synthesis

Rotaxanes template-directed synthesis

Rotaxanes templated rotaxane synthesis

Rotaxanes templated synthesis

Rotaxanes transition-metal-templated synthesis

Shape templated synthesis

Silica nanotubes template synthesis

Soft template synthesis

Subject templated synthesis

Supramolecular template synthesis

Surfactant stabilizer synthesis templating

Synthesis Structure and Magnetic Properties of an Amine-Template

Synthesis The Template Effect and High Dilution

Synthesis and Magnetic Properties of an Amine-Templated Fe

Synthesis chiral template strategy

Synthesis soft-template process

Synthesis template effects

Synthesis template templating

Synthesis template-free

Synthesis templated

Synthesis templated

Synthesis, thermodynamically controlled templated

Synthetic aspects template theory for mesoporous oxides synthesis

Synthetic aspects template theory for zeolite synthesis

TEMPLATE SYNTHESIS AND MAGNETIC MANIPULATION OF NICKEL NANOWIRES

Template Effects for the Syntheses of Rotaxanes, Catenanes, and Knots

Template Synthesis of Macrocycles

Template Synthesis of Nanoporous Polymeric Spheres

Template dependent synthesis

Template effect cryptand synthesis

Template effects in synthesis

Template effects mesoporous oxides synthesis

Template effects zeolite synthesis

Template reactions/synthesis

Template reactions/synthesis benzo crown

Template reactions/synthesis catenanes

Template reactions/synthesis phthalocyanines

Template reactions/synthesis zeolites

Template synthesis limitations

Template-Free Synthesis of PANI

Template-assembled TASP) synthesi

Template-assisted synthesi

Template-assisted synthesis

Template-assisted synthesis anodic alumina templates

Template-assisted synthesis electrochemical deposition

Template-assisted synthesis vapor deposition

Template-based synthesis

Template-based synthesis methods

Template-directed DNA synthesis

Template-directed solid-state organic synthesis

Template-directed synthesis

Template-directed synthesis combinatorial libraries

Template-free PANI synthesis

Template-guided synthesis

Templated Synthesis of Complexes

Templated Synthesis of Enzyme Mimics How Far Can We Go

Templated catenane synthesis

Templated macrocycle synthesis

Templated rotaxane synthesis

Templated synthesis, polymeric

Templated synthesis, polymeric nanofibers

Templated synthesis, polymeric porous membranes

Templated synthesis, polymeric template free method

Templated synthesis, thermodynamically

Templates for Specific Syntheses

Templates, PANI synthesis using

Templates, enantioselective synthesis

Thermodynamic template synthesis

Thin films template synthesis

Transfer RNA Carries Amino Acids to the Template for Protein Synthesis

Transition metal-templated synthesis of catenanes

Transition metals template synthesis of rotaxanes

Transition-metal-templated synthesis

Transition-metal-templated synthesis of rotaxanes

Trefoil knots template synthesis

Zeolites template synthesis

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