Template-assisted synthesis nanowires

The variety of porous solid materials that can be used as templates for nanostructure synthesis has been reviewed by Ozin (1992). In the template-assisted synthesis of nanowires, the pores or voids of the template are filled with the chosen material using a number of approaches. Nanowires have been derived via pressure injection, electrochemical deposition, and vapor deposition, as described in the following sections. 

Nanochannel glass (NCG) scanning electron microscopy (SEM), 173 schematic of fabrication, 173 template-assisted synthesis of nanowires, 172... 

Light-emitting ID nanomaterials made by conjugated potymers have unique features because they combine optoelectronic properties of semiconductors with structural properties of potymers. Organic nanowires, nanofibers, and nanotubes can be produced by different techniques, including template-assisted synthesis and vacuum sublimation. However, the lowthroughput of many of these approaches limits their application in photonic integrated systems. 

A template-assisted synthesis of boron carbide nanowires was published by Pender and Sneddon. In this method, a linked cage 6,6 -(CH2)6(BioHi3)2 was selectively chosen as the single-source molecular precursor due to the fact that the ratio of boron to carbon in it closely matches that of boron carbide (B4C). This precursor compound is air stable with a melting point of 96°C, ° which helped... 

Another method of template-assisted synthesis, mainly used for the growth of metal nanowires, involves the deposition of metal into the cyUndrical pores or channels of an inert, non-conductive nanoporous electrode material. Track etch membranes, porous alumina, nanoporous conductive rubber polymers, metals, semiconductors, carbons and other solid materials have been used as templates to prepare nanometer-sized particles, fibrils, rods and tubules. The experimental set... 

In this chapter we study the overview of the various naturally and artificially prepared self-assembled nanostructures which are currently very important and in demand in biomedical applications, for example, bone tissues, natural laminated composites present in sea shells, peptide chain arrays and their derivatives and cell membranes are naturally self-assembled materials. And Langmuir—Blodgett films, surfactant-directed nonporous materials, and molecularly directed films, composites, nanombes, nanofibrils, nanowires, spherical vesicles, and template-assisted growth are artificially prepared self-assembled nanostructures. Here we discuss in brief the synthesis of those nanostructures which exist in nature and are prepared artificially to fulfill certain requirements (Figure 2.1). 

A variety of solution methods such as seed-assisted growth, template-based synthesis, polyol method, solvothermal method and oriented attachment have also been developed for the synthesis of one-dimensional nanostructures. Here we will present various examples of the nanowires including metals, oxides, chalcogenides and pnictides with different synthetic methods. 

Schematic electrode arrangement for the synthesis of nanowires through restrictive template-assisted electrodeposition (Beta eta ., 2004). 

Over the past few years, a large number of experimental approaches have been successfully used as routes to synthesize nanorods or nanowires based on titania, such as combining sol-gel processing with electrophoretic deposition,152 spin-on process,153 sol-gel template method,154-157 metalorganic chemical vapor deposition,158-159 anodic oxidative hydrolysis,160 sonochemical synthesis,161 inverse microemulsion method,162 molten salt-assisted and pyrolysis routes163 and hydrothermal synthesis.163-171 We will discuss more in detail the latter preparation, because the advantage of this technique is that nanorods can be obtained in relatively large amounts. 

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